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Dissertations |
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IVANA LOUISE SANTOS SILVA
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Hair whorl traits associated with temperament in donkeys
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Advisor : GREGORIO MIGUEL FERREIRA DE CAMARGO
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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GREGORIO MIGUEL FERREIRA DE CAMARGO
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PIERRE BARNABÉ ESCODRO
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ANITA SCHMIDEK
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Data: Feb 10, 2023
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Show Abstract
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Behavioral traits are important for animal production. These traits are directly related to the handling and taming of equids and can be used in welfare studies. The identification of animals with good temperament is useful for selection. The hair coat whorl is a morphological trait that has been associated with temperament in many livestock species. In horses, whorl traits have been linked to behavior, temperament, and laterality. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether the whorls traits can predict the temperament of donkeys, since there are no studies that associate whorls traits with temperament in the species. Thirty-seven donkeys of the Nordestino ecotype were used. The following hair whorl traits were recorded: position on the head; number on the head, neck and chest, and rotation. The non- parametric method was used: Mann-Whitney U test (p < 0.05) to verify the association. The animals were exposed to a new object in a known place. The reaction to the new object was evaluated and measured by flight direction, flight distance, latency, and flight score. The rotation of the whorl on the head was associated with laterality. It was observed that donkeys with clockwise whorls tended to escape to the right and animals with counterclockwise whorls tended to escape to the left. This association between laterality and whorl rotation may be a facilitator at the taming activities. The horizontal position of whorls in the head and the number of hair whorls in the head were associated with flight score. Donkeys with a whorl in the upper third of the bridge of the nose or two whorls on the head were considered less reactive. The position of the whorls on the neck and chest were not significant. The observation of these traits can assist in the handling, taming, and training of the species. Hair whorls can be used to select less reactive and calmer animals, being an excellent non-invasive method of evaluating behavior. This is the first study that associate whorl traits with temperament in donkeys.
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2
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SUSIANE DE CARVALHO MATOS
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PROTEIN LEVELS ASSOCIATED WITH A PROTECTED FAT SOURCE FOR SANTA INÊS LAMBS
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Advisor : GLEIDSON GIORDANO PINTO DE CARVALHO
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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ALEXANDRE FERNANDES PERAZZO
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GLEIDSON GIORDANO PINTO DE CARVALHO
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LAYS DEBORA SILVA MARIZ
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Data: Feb 28, 2023
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Show Abstract
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The objective was to evaluate the effect of diets with different protein levels associated or not with a source of protected fat on the intake and apparent digestibility of nutrients, nitrogen metabolism, ingestive behavior, and performance of feedlot lambs. Sixty-four male lambs, not castrated, crossbred Santa Inês, with average initial weight of 20 ± 1 kg and average age of 90 days, finished in confinement, distributed in a 4X2 factorial, with diets containing four levels of protein: 120, 140, 160 and 180 g CP kg-1 MS, with or without inclusion of 35g kg-1 MS fatty acid calcium salts. The roughage:concentrate ratio was 500 g kg-1 DM of corn silage (Zea mays) and 500 g kg-1 DM of concentrate. The consumption (g kg-1 BW) of CP, EE and CNF increased as a function of the protein content in the diet (P<0.01), while the consumption of DM, NDF and CHOT showed a quadratic effect (P≤0.05) , with reductions from levels 161g, 150g, and 154g PB kg-1 DM, respectively. Apparent protein digestibility increased as a function of protein levels as well as EE with the addition of protected fat (P<0.05). Urinary and fecal nitrogen and retained N increased with the increment of protein in the diet, while N consumption and the fraction absorbed by the animal showed a quadratic behavior (P≤0.05), with a maximum point at 178 g PB kg- 1 MS. Purine derivatives and PB mic followed the same behavior as CMS with a maximum value at the level of 160g PB kg-1 DM. There was an increase in DM and NDF rumination efficiencies (P<0.05) and an interaction effect was observed on rumination time and number of chews per bolus (P≤0.05). There was a linear increase in weight gain (P<0.05), with an estimated value of 302g/day in the highest protein level. Diets with inclusion of up to 160g PB kg-1 DM without the addition of protected fat for Santa Inês lambs, promote increases in the intake and digestibility of nutrients and improve the productive performance of animals.
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3
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RODRIGO SANTOS DE JESUS FALCÃO
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Roughage Inclusion for beef cattle finishing high-grain diets
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Advisor : ANALIVIA MARTINS BARBOSA
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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ANALIVIA MARTINS BARBOSA
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VICTOR REZENDE MOREIRA COUTO
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PEDRO VEIGA RODRIGUES PAULINO
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Data: Apr 28, 2023
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Show Abstract
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The objective of the study was to evaluate three diets containing 0%, 2.5% and 5% roughage, offered to feedlot cattle in the finishing phase. 1800 male Nellore animals were used. Average daily gains, carcass yield and efficiency were calculated for all animals during and at the end of the experiment. The determination of the thermal well-being of the animals, as well as the production of enteric heat, were evaluated daily. No significant differences were observed (P<0.001). Finishing characteristics, loin eye area, fat thickness and rump fat thickness were obtained using the ultrasound technique. The levels of globulin, albumin, total proteins also showed no statistical difference (P<0.001). The levels of urea in the blood showed a linear increasing behavior, while the glycemia showed a quadratic behavior, reaching its highest value in the treatment containing 2.5%. The dry matter intake differed linearly in an increasing way (P<0.001), going from 10.34 kg of dry matter in treatment 1 to 11.88 kg in treatment 3. The average daily gain showed a linear increasing behavior (P<0.001) , treatment 1 had the lowest daily gain, around 1.34 kg; treatment 2 showed a gain of 1.5 kg, with treatment 3 showing the greatest gain, around 1.74 kg per day. The well-being index showed an increasing linear behavior between the forage levels tested. The number of standing animals photographed at 6 am, just before the feed was provided, showed a decreasing linear behavior, that is, the lower the level of roughage, the greater the number of standing animals. The temperature and humidity index showed statistical difference (P<0.001), showing higher values in September and in the interval from 11 to 16 hours. Regarding heat production, this characteristic presented a quadratic behavior, showing a statistical difference (P<0.001), that is, treatment 2 was the treatment that presented the highest production. Thus, the percentage of roughage in high-grain diets positively influence weight gain, consumption and well-being of feedlot cattle.
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4
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Vinicius Monteiro de Carvalho
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PERFORMANCE, DIGESTIVE PARAMETERS AND RUMINAL KINETICS OF JERSEY COWS SUPPLEMENTED WITH CHITOSAN
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Advisor : JOSE ESLER DE FREITAS JUNIOR
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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DOUGLAS DOS SANTOS PINA
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JOSE ESLER DE FREITAS JUNIOR
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MARIA LEONOR GARCIA MELO LOPES DE ARAUJO
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Data: Jun 16, 2023
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Show Abstract
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The objective was to evaluate the effect of chitosan on the performance, digestive parameters and ruminal kinetics of Jersey cows. Four Jersey cows, multiparous, cannulated in the rumen [mean days of lactation = 150 ± 45 days; and production of 22.2 ± 4.5 kg/day, body weight = 350 ± 25 kg], were fed two diets, distributed in a crossover design. Each period lasted 17 days, the first 7 of which were for adaptation to the diets and the others for data collection and Exception. The experimental diets were randomly distributed to the animals, these diets were: 1) Control (CON), consisting of basal ration without the inclusion of chitosan; 2) Basal diet with the inclusion of chitosan (0.02% of total DM or 4g/kg of DM consumed). There was no effect of diets on nutrient intake and digestibility (P>0.05). Likewise, no effect of diets was observed on milk production, corrected milk production, as well as on fat, protein, lactose and total and non-fat dry extracts (P>0.05). There was no effect of diets on variables related to animal performance (P>0.05). In general, the inclusion of chitosan did not change the profile of dietary recipes in cows' milk, with the exception of milk concentrations of C18:1 cis-11 (P = 0.025) which were reduced in cows fed the diet containing this additive. . Due to the lack of effect on animal intake, no significant results were found for variables related to energy balance (net and digestible energy intake, net energy for gain and lactation, energy balance, as well as efficiencies (P>0 Likewise, there was no effect of the diets on the variables of ruminal characterization and omasal flow of nutrients (P>0.05). , such as dry matter (DM) digestion rate, ruminal DM formula, organic matter and fiber in indigestible neutral detergent (NDF), as well as in passage rates of DM and potentially digestible NDF (P>0.05) The inclusion of chitosan did not promote changes in milk production and composition, in parameters of rumen dynamics and in balance of Jersey vacation energy.
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5
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6
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CASSIA BARBOSA CONSTANTINIDIS
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Effect of light spectra on the behavior and larval development of the Malaysian shrimp, Macrobrachium rosenbergii
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Advisor : RODRIGO FORTES DA SILVA
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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MICHELLE PINHEIRO VETORELLI
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GEOVANA DOTTA TAMASHIRO
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RODRIGO FORTES DA SILVA
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Data: Jul 21, 2023
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Show Abstract
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In indoor cultivation systems, it is essential to provide elements that favor the development of aquaculture species. Given this, the light spectrum, can improve growth and increase survival in different species. Three experiments were carried out with the objective of investigating the effects of red, blue, green, white light and absence of light on larval development, ingestion of Artemia nauplii and light color preference in Macrobrachium rosenbergii larvae. The results of the present study demonstrate a significant influence (p<0.05) on larval development, productivity, survival and final biomass of M. rosenbergii larvae. In general, the inferior results were from the animals exposed to the dark regime and under the red light. M. rosenbergii larvae, at the end of the study, showed the highest larval stage index and larval condition index under the white light spectrum, followed by blue and green light. The reduction of the limpid content of the intestine (hepatopancreas condition), the condition of the intestine and the color of the body were the main parameters that conditioned the reduction of the ICL. In the study on Artemia nauplii ingestion, the lowest total consumption of nauplii was observed under the black regime (no light) (2,065 nauplii), and the highest total consumption was under white light (3,998 nauplii). According to the results, in stages II, III, X and XI the color of the environment did not influence the ingestion of Artemia nauplii (p>0.05), however, between larval stages IV to IX there was a significant variation in the number of nauplii consumed, in which the larvae consumed more nauplii being under the effect of white, blue and green lights, compared to red light and under the absence of light. Regarding color preference for M. rosenbergii larvae, it was verified that in stage VII the animals preferred to remain under white light, regardless of whether they remained in a group or alone. As development progressed (stage XI), the animals began to prefer blue light (p<0.05). In summary, the results suggest an interaction between light spectrum and life stage, demonstrating that different light environments can affect the behavior of M. rosenbergii larvae. Based on our results under laboratory conditions, it is suggested that white light is the most favorable for larviculture of M. rosenbergii and that the effect of light color is species-specific for all analyzed parameters.
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7
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SILEL VINICIUS SIMÕES ANDRADE MACIEL
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Genomic regions associated with variation in coat color in Gir cattle
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Advisor : GREGORIO MIGUEL FERREIRA DE CAMARGO
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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LENIRA EL FARO ZADRA
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GREGORIO MIGUEL FERREIRA DE CAMARGO
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RAPHAEL BERMAL COSTA
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Data: Jul 21, 2023
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Show Abstract
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In Brazil, the Zebu breeds represent more than 80% of the cattle herd, with the Gir being one of the breeds of great importance, mainly for dairy production. The breed has twelve different coat color phenotypes (red, yellow, choker red, choker yellow, calico red, calico yellow, red calico, yellow calico, calico clear, clear moorish, dark moorish and red moorish). The coat color of the influences thermoregulation, adhesion of ectoparasites, and may be associated with productive and reproductive aspects. The coat is part of the breed qualification and there is still a predilection of breeders for certain colors. Due to the lack of knowledge about the inheritance mechanisms that explain coat variations in Gyr cattle, the objective was to perform a GWAS to identify candidate genes for the coat phenotype and perform fine mapping of the MC1R gene, a gene that has already been reported to affect the coat in other cattle breeds. A total of 574 Gir animals were genotyped with a commercial Zoetis low-density chip of 29,842 SNPs were used in nine genomic wide association (GWAS) scenarios using the single-step methodology. In addition, biological material was collected from 46 Gir cattle of all registerable coats and from 1 animal with the depigmented phenotype for PCR and analysis of the MC1R gene sequences for fine gene mapping. In the different scenarios of the GWAS analysis, regions were found present in BTA3, BTA6, BTA8, BTA9, BTA10, BTA16, BTA18, BTA21 and BTA26. After analysis of the regions obtained in the GWAS, candidate genes were listed in the different scenarios, proving to be a characteristic of polygenic order. A possible epistatic effect is also suggested in determining the coat of the Gir breed, as already observed in other bovine breeds. Furthermore, some polymorphisms and amino acid exchanges were observed in the MC1R gene, at positions c. 311 G>del, c.416 C>T (p.Ala139Val), c.460 A>C (p.Ser154Arg), c.583 T>C (p.Phe195Leu), c. 663 T>C (p.Ile221Ile) and c. 871 A>G (p.Ala291Thr), thus forming 7 haplotypes. There is a suggestion that some MC1R haplotypes cause depigmentation in Gyr cattle. In the present study, the genetic effects on coat color were evaluated and new candidate genes influencing the trait in the Gir breed were also proposed. Thus, making it possible to direct future studies that seek to decipher the genetic architecture of the trait and the development of genetic markers for selection.
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8
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MAYRA SILVA DIAS
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Revealing the genomic architecture of calving interval of Nelore cows.
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Advisor : LUIS FERNANDO BATISTA PINTO
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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LUIS FERNANDO BATISTA PINTO
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PAULO LUIZ SOUZA CARNEIRO
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VICTOR BRENO PEDROSA
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Data: Jul 31, 2023
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Show Abstract
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Studies using phenotypes and pedigree show little additive genetic variability for CI. However, there are still no studies that aggregate the genotypes in this evaluation in Nellore cattle. The addition of genotypes will allow evaluating the genomic architecture of this complex and important trait. Thus, the objective was to estimate the heritability based on genomic data, to carry out a GWAS and functional study for CI in the Nelore breed. The data analyzed were provided by Katayama farms, with 12,599 pedigree records, 7,778 CI phenotypes and 3,836 animals genotyped with an Illumina 50k chip. Molecular markers contained in the autosomal chromosomes and in the X chromosome were used in the analyses. To carry out the quality control of the genotypic data and association analyzes, the packages of the BLUPF90 family were used, adopting the Single-step genomic best linear unbiased predictor method. The genomic significance level was 2.55 x 10-05, but significant SNPs at the chromosomal level were also evaluated. The mean CI was approximately 450.3 days, with a standard deviation of 134.1 days and a total range of 270 to 730 days. The environmental and genetic variances were 8986.6 and 369.20, respectively, with a heritability of approximately 0.04 ± 0.04. GWAS analysis generated p-values that resulted in a genomic inflation factor (lambda) of 1.08. The only SNP (rs136725686) significant at the genomic level (P = 1.532587e-06) was located on chromosome 13. Another 19 SNPs were significant at the chromosomal level, which are distributed on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 6, 10, 13, 14, 17, 18, 22 and 26. In the region of these SNPs, 32 genes were found, among which we highlight LYZL4, TEC, RAD21, SLC38A7, GOT2, CLPX, CCK, LMO4, NFATC2, SLC51B, TXK, BCAR3, UTP23, MTFMT, FOXP1 and TRAK1 as relevant, as they were previously linked to factors that can affect reproduction.
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9
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FLÁVIA BEATRIZ CARVALHO CORDEIRO
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BETA-MANANASE SUPPLEMENTATION IN ENERGY RESTRICTED DIETS
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Advisor : JULIANA CANTOS FAVERI
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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JULIANA CANTOS FAVERI
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LUIZ VITOR OLIVEIRA VIDAL
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PRISCILA FURTADO CAMPOS
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Data: Sep 29, 2023
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Show Abstract
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The present study aims to evaluate the effects on the zootechnical performance traits, in vivo carcass quality, apparent digestibility of nutrients of the food, blood parameters, passage rate and fecal score when the beta-mannanase enzyme is used for the nutrition of growing pigs. We used a total of 40 crossbred male pigs with an initial average weight of 26.09 ± 0.957. They were randomly distributed following a randomized block design, composing 4 treatments with 10 repetitions each. The treatments consist in 1 control (DC0) and 3 experimental diets with the addition of beta-mannanase (300g/t) where there was energy reduction in 30 kcal (DC30), 45 kcal (DC45) or 60 kcal (DC60). The statistical analyzes were performed using the SAS University Edition software and we used ANCOVA or ANOVA, considering a 10.0% probability level, to verify the data. Among dietary treatments with the enzyme supplementation, there was a significant difference (P<0.05) for the variables CDAMS (%), CDAPB (%), CDAMO (%), CDAEB (%), MSD (%) and PD (%). Better EA and CA rates were observed in the DC45 treatment when compared to the others. The use of the enzyme did not affect the in vivo carcass characteristics, passage rate or fecal score of the animals. In conclusion, the use of the beta-mannanase enzyme in association with the xylanase enzyme promoted a better use of the nutrients, which implies a better zootechnical performance, meaning it can be used as a way to reduce the energy input in the formulation of food, hence, allowing a reduction in the production costs.
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10
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LUNA ANALIA TEIXEIRA AMORIM DOS SANTOS
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EFFECT OF HYDROLYZED CHICKEN PROTEIN ON DIGESTIBILITY, INTESTINAL FERMENTATION AND MARKERS OF KIDNEY AND HEART FUNCTION IN DOGS
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Advisor : BRUNA AGY LOUREIRO
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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BRUNA AGY LOUREIRO
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RICARDO SOUZA VASCONCELLOS
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ÉRICO DE MELLO RIBEIRO
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Data: Nov 3, 2023
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Show Abstract
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Hydrolyzed poultry by-product meal (HPM) has been used as a functional ingredient in pet food, as it has proteins with lower molecular weight, high digestibility and peptides that have antihypertensive properties, which are capable of inhibiting the activity of angiotensin- converting enzyme (ACE). This research involved 2 studies. The first study aimed to evaluate the inclusion of 10% HPM in the diet of dogs, replacing conventional poultry by-product meal (CPM), on the digestibility of nutrients and on the long-term consumption on serum ACE activity, aldosterone concentration and functioning of the cardiovascular and renal systems. Two diets were used (CPM and HPM), 8 dogs per diet and evaluated for 120 days. The digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, ether extract, crude protein, nitrogen-free extract, crude fiber and metabolizable energy were determined by the total feces collection method without urine collection. At days 0, 60 and 120 of consumption, blood and urine were collected to evaluate ACE, aldosterone and renal function; and an echocardiogram and electrocardiogram were performed. The second study evaluated the efficacy of HPM in inhibiting ACE, applying a protocol to 5 healthy dogs with renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) pharmacologically activated by furosemide, lasting 32 days. Data were evaluated by ANOVA using SigmaPlot v.12.0 at 5% probability. As results of the first study, nutrient digestibility and metabolizable energy were similar between CPM and HPM treatments (p>0.05). There was no effect of the diets on the cardiac parameters evaluated (p>0.05). There was a time effect, but no diet effect, for serum ACE, aldosterone, creatinine and potassium; and fractional excretion of sodium and potassium, however values remained within the reference range. The urinary aldosterone:creatinine did not change over time. As a result of the second study, PHF at 10% inclusion was not able to keep inhibition oft ACE in dogs with activated RAAS. The inclusion of 10% PHF in extruded diets for dogs and its consumption for 120 days does not promote adverse effects on the renal or cardiovascular systems and nutrient digestibility, in addition to not promoting changes in the RAAS and the health of dogs.
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11
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IGOR MORENO SOUZA LOPES
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Digestive and physiological parameters of beef steers supplemented with encapsulated pepper under grazing
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Advisor : JOSE ESLER DE FREITAS JUNIOR
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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JULIANA REOLON PEREIRA
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DOUGLAS DOS SANTOS PINA
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JOSE ESLER DE FREITAS JUNIOR
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Data: Dec 1, 2023
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Show Abstract
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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplementation with encapsulated pepper (CAP) on the consumption of calves managed on pasture and nutrient digestibility, ruminal fermentation, nitrogen balance, microbial protein synthesis, health parameters and rumen kinetics. Eight crossbreed Holstein Zebu cattle were used, weighing 313 ± 31 kg (Weight ± SD)(4 animals with 4" silicone rumen cannulas), with supplementation of 0.5% of live weight (BW) in four periods of 21 days in Pangola grass (Digitariadecumbens) pasture with the following treatments: CON: Control (0.5% of BW supplementation without addition of CAPCIN®, NutriQuest, Campinas, Brazil); CAP150: (0.5% of BW supplementation PC and 150 mg/animal/day of CAPCIN®); CAP300: (0.5 PC supplementation and 300 mg/animal/day of CAPCIN®); CAP450: (0.5% PC supplementation and 450 mg/day animal/day of CAPCIN®). Calves fed with encapsulated pepper showed a linear increase in NDF digestibility (P = 0.007) compared to the control treatment. There was no effect of encapsulated pepper on heart rate and rectal temperature values. There was a quadratic effect for dry matter digestibility (P = 0.042), organic matter (P = 0.027) and NDF (P = 0.002) and a quadratic effect trend for crude protein digestibility (P = 0.064). Calves fed encapsulated pepper showed a linear increase in rumen pH with the doses used (P = 0.011). There was a tendency for a linear increase in concentrations of mM propionate for animals fed with encapsulated pepper (P = 0.086) and a quadratic effect for concentrations of mM and mmol/100 mmol butyrate (P = 0.036).Encapsulated pepper tended to decrease nitrogen excretion in feces compared to the control treatment (P = 0.081). Calves fed with encapsulated pepper showed an increase in lymphocyte counts (103/μL)(P = 0.007), eosinophils (103/μL)(P = 0.002) and eosinophils (%) (P = 0.047) and showed a linear increasing trend in white blood cell count (P = 0.062) compared to calves fed control treatment. There was a quadratic effect (P =0.047) for rumen volume. Calves fed encapsulated pepper showed lower ruminal digestibility of NDF (P=0.023) and dTNDF (P=0.032) as well as a tendency (P=0.053) towards lower ruminal digestibility of OM. There was an increase in the passage rate (P=0.0114) for animals that received treatments with the inclusion of encapsulated pepper in relation to animals on the control diet, showing a linear increase (P=0.0206). There was also an increase in the turnover rate (P=0.0499) with a linear increasing trend (P=0.0893) for the animals that included levels of encapsulated pepper in the diet. The use of encapsulated pepper in supplements for Holstein/Zebu crossbred calves managed on Digitariadecumbens pasture up to 450 mg/animal/day improves nutrient digestibility and is capable of modulating ruminal fermentation. Furthermore, the results reinforce the evidence that the provision of encapsulated pepper can positively influence the health status of beef cattle managed in tropical conditions.
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Thesis |
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1
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Henrique Alberto Mulim
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Characterization of runs of homozygosity, heterozygosity, and genomic diversity analysis on Bovine populations
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Advisor : VICTOR BRENO PEDROSA
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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HINAYAH ROJAS DE OLIVEIRA
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LUIS FERNANDO BATISTA PINTO
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LUIZ FERNANDO BRITO
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RAPHAEL BERMAL COSTA
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VICTOR BRENO PEDROSA
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Data: Feb 6, 2023
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Show Abstract
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The animal genome is characterized by long homozygous regions, in which identical haplotypes had been inherited over generations. The extension of each run of homozygosity is determined, in part, by the generations' number analyzed and the genetic relationship among animals evaluated. Still, long heterozygous regions can be observed, and it can be related to crossbreeding or associated with linkage disequilibrium. Therefore, it is understandable that one of the main aspects of genetic population studies is the verification of possible diversity among species, breeds, and cattle. Diversity becomes an important point of observation since the decrease in diversity can result in lesser selection results. With this, our main goal was to investigate the population structure of different bovine breeds, checking the existence of homozygous and heterozygous regions at bovine DNA and possible changes in genotype frequencies due to selection pressure, as well as comparing them to observe the genetic differences and/or resemblances. Thus, bovines of different breeds and purposes were be genotyped with different densities SNP panels, together with whole genome sequence, and the information acquired used to check the bovine autosomal DNA regions. These regions also were checked for selection signature, inbreeding, linkage disequilibrium, effective population size, besides genes identification that appears in regions with high homozygosity and heterozygosity. The characterization of a new bovine breed, developed in Southern Brazil for production in pasture-based systems (Purunã), which showed genomic similarity with the breeds used in the formation of the breed, but with particularities that do not allow a multi-breed evaluation. Besides, the characterization of the impact of different parameters on the evaluation of the heterozygous-enriched region, proves that different parameters regulated the detection of heterozygous-enriched regions. The results of this project make it possible to genetically characterize some of the main breeds of cattle, making it possible to deepen the genomic knowledge of the studied breeds, as well as results that may serve as a guide for future studies in the area of animal genetic diversity.
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2
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Gilmara da Silva Miranda
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MICROCLIMATIC VARIATIONS ON GOAT PRODUCTION IN SILVIPASTORAL SYSTEMS
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Advisor : ADRIANA REGINA BAGALDO
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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ADRIANA REGINA BAGALDO
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AMERICO FROES GARCEZ NETO
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KENNYSON ALVES DE SOUZA
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BRAÚLIO MAIA DE LANA SOUSA
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LUCIANA GERDES
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Data: Mar 2, 2023
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Show Abstract
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The silvopastoral system (SSP) comprises one of the modalities of agroforestry systems, in which the tree, forage and animal components are integrated in the same area in order to explore their interactions through efficient use of available resources. This type of system can be implemented using different combinations of tree species, arrangements and planting densities, which reflects on the variation in the transmission of solar radiation by the trees in the system. Among the benefits of adopting SSPs, it is possible to highlight the environmental, economic and social services. The objective of this study was to evaluate the productivity, the chemical compositions of the Brachiaria decumbens pasture, as well as the performance, ingestive behavior, and physiological parameters of goats submitted to three different tree arrangements in silvopastoral systems, in relation to a pasture area without shading. The experiment was carried out at the agroecological station of the Federal University of Recôncavo da Bahia, in the municipality of Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brazil. Thirty-two Anglo Nubian crossbred goats, with an average age of 7 months, were randomly distributed into 4 treatments, 6 periods of 15 days, supplemented with commercial feed for growing goats. The animals were distributed in 4 different types of systems using a total area of 0.5 ha. The forage species used was Brachiaria decumbens and the main tree component was Gliricidia sepium with the following arrangements: Planting in a single line, with trees arranged in a single row obeying a spacing of 3m between trees and 12m between rows. Planting in double rows: arrangement with double rows of trees, following the spacing of 3x3m between trees and 9m between rows; and the planting of trees in clusters along the pasture using 3x2m spacing between trees, in contrast to the Brachiaria decumbens pasture without shading in order to determine performance, collection of physiological and climatic parameters. With regard to the determination of the pasture productivity of the systems for the nutritional composition, pre and post grazing evaluations were carried out at each experimental period adopted. Microclimatic conditions indicated that silvopastoral systems were more effective in mitigating environmental impacts such as radiant thermal load, ITGU and ITU, and as a result, decreased surface body temperature, respiratory rate and increased welfare and weight gain of goats. Animals kept in SSPs reduced the frequency of searching for a drinking fountain, when compared to the conventional system. The chemical composition of the leaf and stem of Brachiaria decumbens during grazing times and the crude protein content of the leaf blade were higher for the silvopastoral systems compared to the conventional system. For pasture height in pre- grazing, the highest height (54.20 cm) was observed in the forest system, followed by the single and double row systems, and the lowest height was observed for the control. It is evidenced by the study that silvopastoral systems can be used to provide a more favorable environment during grazing. Thus, silvopastoral systems can be considered an effective alternative for goat meat production.
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3
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Renata Santos Fróes
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Productive performance of feedlot lambs fed diets containing yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) associated with fibrolytic enzyme
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Advisor : RONALDO LOPES OLIVEIRA
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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JOSÉ ALBERTO ACRE CORDEIRO
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AMERICO FROES GARCEZ NETO
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ANALIVIA MARTINS BARBOSA
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LEILSON ROCHA BEZERRA
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RONALDO LOPES OLIVEIRA
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Data: Apr 14, 2023
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Show Abstract
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The objective was to evaluate the effect of including the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae associated with exogenous fibrolytic enzyme in the diet of feedlot lambs based on intake, performance, carcass traits and blood metabolites. Forty male lambs were used, with an average initial weight of 25.275± 2.74kg, not castrated, distributed in a completely randomized design, with five treatments and eight replications. Treatments consisted of the inclusion of additives alone or in combination in the diet, divided into: control (no additives); 100% yeast (yeast inclusion only); yeast 70% (inclusion of 70% yeast and 30% fibrolytic enzyme); 100% enzyme (inclusion of enzyme only) and 70% enzyme (inclusion of 70% fibrolytic enzyme and 30% yeast). The inclusion of yeast and fibrolytic enzyme in the diet of lambs did not promote changes (P>0.05) in nutrient intake, animal performance, carcass traits, or clinical condition of the animal. There was an effect of the inclusion of additives on albumin (P= 0.02) and cholesterol (P= 0.00) concentrations, however, it did not affect the other blood metabolites evaluated. The additives evaluated in this study did not improve the performance of feedlot lambs at the tested doses.
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4
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FERNANDA MARIA DOS SANTOS
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Acacia mearnsii extract as a source of condensed tannin in consumption, digestibility, nitrogen balance, ruminal and blood parameters of bulls finished in confinement
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Advisor : RONALDO LOPES OLIVEIRA
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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ANALIVIA MARTINS BARBOSA
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EDERSON AMÉRICO DE ANDRADE
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LEILSON ROCHA BEZERRA
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RAFAEL SILVIO BONILHA PINHEIRO
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RONALDO LOPES OLIVEIRA
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Data: May 29, 2023
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Show Abstract
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Acacia mearnsii extract has been used as a source of condensed tannin (TC) and has the potential to improve nitrogen utilization in ruminant production. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of increasing levels of Acacia mearnsii as a source of TC on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen balance and rumen fermentation in Nellore bulls finished in feedlot. Four crossbred, castrated cattle equipped with a rumen cannula, with an average body weight of 446 (± 34) kg were distributed in a 4 × 4 double Latin square design, repeated over time. Each Latin square lasted 68 days, divided into four experimental periods, 17 days each, with 10 days for adaptation of the animals and 7 days for data and sample collection. The treatments used consisted of a diet without the inclusion of Acacia mearnsii extract (0 g/kg) and three diets with 10, 30 and 50 g/kg based on dry matter (DM). The use of Acacia mearnsii extract containing TC in the diet reduced (P < 0.05) intake of DM, CP, EE, cpNDF and CNF. There was an increase (P < 0.05) in DM, cpNDF, CNF and NDT digestibility, however, it did not affect (P = 0.1563) crude protein digestibility and microbial protein synthesis efficiency.The inclusion of Acacia extract provided a reduction in ingested nitrogen (P < 0.0001), excretion of N via urine (P = 0.0120). The excretion of N via feces increased quadratically (P = 0.0298) with maximum extract intake at the inclusion level of 10.09 g/kg DM, however, it did not affect the nitrogen balance (P = 0.8995). The concentration of ammoniacal nitrogen (N-NH3) and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) were not affected by the inclusion of the extract. However, N-NH3 concentrations changed over time, with a maximum value of 10.74 mg/ dL at 3.10 hours. The ruminal pH reduced with the inclusion of the extract (P < 0.0001) and in relation to the collection time (P = 0.0009). There was no interaction between the effects of extract inclusion and time of collection. Therefore, Acacia mearnsii extract, in doses up to 50 g/kg DM or 35 g/kg TC, has the potential to be used as a source of tannin in the diet of young bulls finished in feedlot to improve the use of food and its nutrients. In addition to being advantageous from an environmental point of view by reducing nitrogen excretion.
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5
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MAILIN VASCONCELOS DOS SANTOS LIMA
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Palm kernel oil in supplementation of sheep on pasture
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Advisor : ADRIANA REGINA BAGALDO
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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ADRIANA REGINA BAGALDO
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MANUELA SILVA LIBANIO TOSTO
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DANIELE REBOLÇAS SANTANA LOURES
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RAFAEL HENRIQUE DE TONISSI E BUSCHINELLI DE GOES
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MÁRIO ADRIANO ÁVILA QUEIROZ
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Data: Jul 12, 2023
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Show Abstract
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The inclusion of palm kernel oil in the supplement of grazing sheep and its effects on intake, ingestive behavior, digestibility, physiological and ruminal parameters and zootechnical performance were evaluated. Thirty-two crossbred, male, non-castrated sheep with an average initial weight of 23 kg were used for 74 days. The animals were kept in aruana grass paddocks and daily at 8:00 am, they received supplements in individual troughs. The supplements were composed of ground corn, soybean meal, mineral nucleus for sheep and levels of 0%, 2%, 4% and 6% of palm kernel oil and provided at 1.4% of body weight. For the evaluation of intake, digestibility, ingestive behavior and physiological parameters and performance, a completely randomized design was used. For the evaluation of short-chain fatty acids, ammoniacal nitrogen, pH and quantification of protozoa in the rumen, four male sheep with rumen fistula were used, which were distributed in a 4 x 4 Latin square, for a total period of 60 days. The data were submitted to polynomial regression analysis, using orthogonal contrasts to test the linear and quadratic effects of the inclusion of palm kernel oil in the sheep supplement on all evaluated variables. There was a linear reduction in the consumption of dry matter and nutrients with the inclusion of palm kernel oil in the supplement, except for the consumption of ether extract, which increased linearly (p=0.0002). The inclusion of palm kernel oil in the supplement reduced feeding time (p<0.0001) and increased resting time (p<0.0001). Rumination time was not affected. DM and cpNDF feeding efficiencies were not affected by the inclusion of palm kernel oil, however there was a reduction in DM (p=0.0172) and cpNDF (p=0.0273) rumination efficiencies. The digestibility of the ether extract increased as larger amounts of oil were added to the supplement (p<0.0001). The presence of palm kernel oil in the supplement reduced the rectal temperature of the animals (p=0.0477), but did not influence the respiratory rate. Ruminal pH, ammonia, acetate, butyrate and propionate values were not affected by the inclusion of oil. There was a reduction in final body weight (p=0.0273), total weight gain (p=0.0207) and average daily gain (p=0.0207) with the inclusion of palm kernel oil in the sheep supplement, however, efficiency or feed conversion was affected. The inclusion of up to 30 6% of palm kernel oil in sheep grazing supplement reduces consumption, alters feeding behavior, but does not affect ruminal fermentation parameters despite decreasing the population of ruminal protozoa. In addition, the inclusion of oil impaired the performance of the animals. It also reduced rectal temperature, which can be a benefit for animals raised in warmer regions, as it helps maintain thermal comfort.
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6
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MÁRCIA PEREIRA DA SILVA
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ENDOGENOUS FRACTION OF PURINE DERIVATIVES EXCRETED IN THE URINE OF SMALL RUMINANTS
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Advisor : STEFANIE ALVARENGA SANTOS
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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LUCIANA LOUZADA PRATES
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ISIS MIRANDA CARVALHO NICORY
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JOSÉ AUGUSTO GOMES AZEVEDO
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LAYS DEBORA SILVA MARIZ
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STEFANIE ALVARENGA SANTOS
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Data: Jul 27, 2023
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Show Abstract
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Goats seem to be more efficient in fiber utilization and nitrogen utilization
than sheep, but there are no good explanations or reasons in the literature. Digestibility data
for these nutrients comparing the two species are few. The main aim of this study was to
evaluate the nutrient digestibility, nitrogen utilization efficiency. Therefore, the digestibility
of nutrients, excretion of urinary purine derivatives (PD) and nitrogen (N), estimation of
microbial N synthesis and N utilization efficiency were determined in twelve Boer goats
(17.3 kg±1.8 BW) and twelve Dorper sheep (20.7 kg±2.8 BW), all males, not castrated and
aged four months. The animals were fed 4 diets with different levels of N concentration [6.4,
12.8, 19.2 and 25.6 g N/kg of dry matter (DM)] in 6 simultaneous designs of Latin squares 4
× 4. Only the intake of CP and EE had diet x species interaction. Nutrient intake was
significant between diets and species (P<0.001). Sheep had higher nutrient intake (P < 0.01)
than goats. The apparent digestibility of nutrients was similar (P > 0.05) in both species.
Except for digestibility from CP (P=0.02) and aNDFn (P=0.01), which was higher for goats.
The sheep indicated higher urinary N excretion (P<0.001), however, N retention (g/day; P
=0.89) was similar for both species. The ration between N retained, ingested (P<0.001) and
apparently digested (P<0.001) was higher in goats. Microbial efficiency (P < 0.001)
increased linearly with the addition of N content in the diet. When fed a low-N diet (40g/kg
DM), N consumption, urinary N excretion and N absorption were similar between species.
Plasma urea concentration (P<0.001) and urinary urea excretion in g/day (P<0.001) indicated
an increasing linear effect with increasing dietary N and differed (P<0.001) between species,
17
with goats with higher concentration in plasma and lower excretion (g/day) in urine. Small
ruminants challenged to low (40 g/kg DM) dietary N supplementation required greater
metabolic adaptation to more pronouncedly conserve N as a survival mechanism. Diets with
higher CP content (160 g/kg) and 700 g/kg of forage increase the growth
of ruminal microorganisms and improve microbial efficiency, resulting in increased intake
of dry matter and nutrients, as well as promoting the digestion of fibers and proteins in goats
and sheep.
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7
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PEDRO HENRIQUE SOARES MAZZA
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SLOW-RELEASE UREA IN THE LAMB RUMEN BY MICROSPHERES VEGETABLE FAT
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Advisor : RONALDO LOPES OLIVEIRA
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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AMERICO FROES GARCEZ NETO
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ELAZANIA SALES PEREIRA
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RONALDO LOPES OLIVEIRA
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SORAYA MARIA PALMA LUZ JAEGER
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THADEU MARINIELLO SILVA
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Data: Jul 31, 2023
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Show Abstract
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This study characterized and defined the optimal ratio of low-trans vegetable fat (LTVF) and urea that enables protection of urea for slow-release in rumen by evaluating the physicochemical properties of the material, and the effect of inclusion of levels of the best ratio compared to conventional urea in sheep diets. In the first experiment, three LTVF ratios of 30:70 (SRU30), 40:60 (SRU40) and 50:50 (SRU50). All formulations showed microencapsulation yields above 80%, but the proportion SRU40 showed higher microencapsulation efficiency (85.5%), retaining the highest percentage of urea with 115% crude protein (CP) and higher thermal stability (P <0.05). In the second experiment, the SRU40, just named SRU was included in the diets of lambs, evaluating five treatments: a control treatment with 0.5% free urea (U0.5) in DM and four treatments with SRU40 levels added in the diets at the proportions of 1.25% (SRU1.25), 2.0% (SRU2) and 3.0% (SRU3) of total diet DM. To evaluate the N metabolism, 24 uncastrated Santa Inês lambs with a mean age of six months and mean body weight of 16 ± 2.2 kg were distributed in a randomized block design with two blocks, four treatments and six replications. To evaluate rumen parameters, four Santa Ines sheep with approximately 40 ± 0.5 kg body weight, fistulated and cannulated in the rumen, were distributed in a double 4 × 4 Latin square. The different forms of urea offered (free and protected) and levels of SRU inclusion did not change the intake of DM and N. SRU linearly reduced (P <0.05) N-urinary excretion, impacting on the linear increase of N retention and microbial protein. The inclusion of SRU linearly reduced (P <0.05) the rumen pH at 1 h, 4 h, and 6 h after feeding, but not at 2 h (P = 0.25) after feeding. The inclusion of SRU linearly increased the concentration of BUN and tended to linearly increase the concentration of total proteins and AST (P <0.05). SRU1.25 promoted lower BUN concentration (P <0.05) compared to U0.5, and SRU1.25 diets tended (P = 0.059) to have lower serum magnesium in sheep compared to U0.5. BUN in lambs linearly decreased in relation to offer time and treatments, with the highest BUN concentrations for U0.5 at 0, 4 and 6 h after feeding (P <0.05). SRU diets promoted BUN peak after 2 h of feeding, with the same concentration compared U0.5 (P = 0.117). Rumen pH decreased linearly 1 h after feeding as well as 4 15 h and 6 h (P <0.05), however, it did not vary at 2 h (P = 0.246). There was a linear increase at 1, 2, 4 and 6 h after the first hour pos-feeding (P <0.05). Low-trans vegetable fat was efficient in encapsulating urea, especially the formulation in the proportion of 40% urea and 60% vegetable fat (SRU40). SRU40 is recommended in sheep’s diets with up to 3% as DM, replacing soybean meal, as it improves N metabolism of animals.
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8
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ISADORA MACEDO XAVIER
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STRATEGIES FOR CONCENTRATED SUPPLEMENTATION OF LACTATING COWS IN TANZANIA GRASS PASTURES
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Advisor : DOUGLAS DOS SANTOS PINA
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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CARLINDO SANTOS RODRIGUES
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DOUGLAS DOS SANTOS PINA
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HENRY DANIEL RUIZ ALBA
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JOSE ESLER DE FREITAS JUNIOR
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MARIA LEONOR GARCIA MELO LOPES DE ARAUJO
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Data: Aug 11, 2023
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Show Abstract
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The objective was to evaluate different levels of concentrate in diets for dairy cows on pasture on the consumption and digestibility of the diet, milk production and composition, microbial protein synthesis, blood urea nitrogen levels and productive performance. Twelve multiparous Holstein x Zebu crossbreed cows were used, with an average initial live weight of 487 ± 54kg, an average initial lactation period of 95.0 ± 42 days and an average milk production of 10 kg of milk/animal.day-1 . The cows were distributed in a design consisting of three 4 x 4 Latin squares, balanced according to order and lactation period. Four levels of isonitrogenous supplements (0; 2.0; 4.0 and 6.0 kg/animal.day-1), with 25% CP (%DM), supplied daily during milking, were evaluated. The area used was a rotated module, of 9 ha of pasture, divided into 9 paddocks of 1.0 ha each, formed with Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania. The total DMI, pasture DMI and intakes of the nutrients NDF, OM, CP, CNF, EE and TDN were significant (P<0.001), the intakes of OM, CP, NFC, EE, TDN and total DMI increased linearly and consumption of NDF and pasture DMI reduced linearly (P<0.05), with a substitutive effect in relation to the addition of concentrate. The digestibility of the nutrients DM, OM, CP, CNF, EE and TDN increased linearly (P<0.001). Forage mass production was 1,117 (kg DM.ha-1) allowing an average forage supply of 2.2 kg DM per 100 kg BW. Milk production, milk production 3.5%G, fat, protein, NUL and CCS also changed significantly (P<0.001), there was a linear increase in milk production (10.70; 12.42; 13 .34; 14.29 kg of milk/animal.day-1) due to concentrated supplementation. The fat concentration reduced (P=0.0285) (4.25; 4.05; 3.91; 3.88 g.100mL-1) as a result of the low NDF consumption. The fat, protein, total solids and SCC contents were within the minimum recommended values (3.0; 2.9; 11.5% and below 400,000 cells/mL). There was an increase (P<0.05) in the levels of allantoin, uric acid, total purines, absorbed purines (mmol.day-1) and microbial N (g.day-1), due to concentrated supplementation at increasing levels. However, there was no effect of concentrated supplementation (P>0.05) on microbial synthesis efficiency (g/Kg of TDN). The total and effective cost-benefit ratios were greater than zero, and presented profitability greater than expenses, confirming the economic viability. Therefore, it is concluded that the production potential of crossbred cows in Tanzania grass pastures without concentrated supplementation is 12 kg per day of milk with 3.5% fat. Providing xvii increasing levels of concentrate (0; 2.0; 4.0 and 6.0 kg/animal.day-1) linearly increases the availability of nutrients for crossbred cows grazing Tanzania grass, in addition to providing greater production, of milk and ruminal microbial protein synthesis.
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9
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Rodrigo Brito Saldanha
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Effect of harvest time and inclusion of pigeon pea hay on the quality of Cactus silage
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Advisor : GLEIDSON GIORDANO PINTO DE CARVALHO
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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CLAUDIO DE OLIVEIRA ROMAO
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DOUGLAS DOS SANTOS PINA
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GLEIDSON GIORDANO PINTO DE CARVALHO
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HENRY DANIEL RUIZ ALBA
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MANUELA SILVA LIBANIO TOSTO
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Data: Aug 31, 2023
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Show Abstract
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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the cactus harvest season and the inclusion of different levels of pigeon pea hay on improving the ensiling process and the nutritional composition of cactus silage. 40 polyvinyl chloride-PVC mini silos measuring 10 cm in diameter and 40 cm in height were used. The lids of the mini silos equipped with Bunsen were distributed in a 2 × 5 factorial scheme, with the factors represented by two cladode harvesting times (18 vs 24 months) and five levels (0, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40 %) of inclusion of pigeon pea hay in cactus silage, in a randomized design. Effluent losses (kg/ton; p < 0.001) had a negative linear effect, bringing 4.31 kg/ton as the inclusion of pigeon peas increased. On the other hand, gas losses (%; p < 0.001), DM recovery (p < 0.001) and pH (p < 0.001) revealed interactive effects between the inclusion level of pigeon pea and the harvest time of the giant palm. (18 x 24 months). In this sense, the DM and CNF content was higher in giant forage cactus harvested at 24 months than in cactus harvested at 18 months. In the silage fermentation process, homofermentative bacteria produce lactic acid without loss of DM. The difference in nutritional composition promoted by the harvest age of giant forage cactus was not proven to result in significant changes in silage quality. The gradual inclusion of Guandú bean hay improved the fermentative and bromatological characteristics of palm silage. It is important to highlight that the increase in the inclusion level of pigeon pea hay contributed to the increase in pH, however the silages had the acidity necessary for their conservation.
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10
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LUIS PAULO BATISTA SOUSA JUNIOR
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INVESTIGATION OF GENETIC CONTROL OF VARIABLES RELATED TO HOOF HEALTH AND CONFORMATION IN THE HOLSTEIN BREED
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Advisor : LUIS FERNANDO BATISTA PINTO
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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VALDECY APARECIDA ROCHA DA CRUZ
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HINAYAH ROJAS DE OLIVEIRA
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JÚLIO CÉSAR DE CARVALHO BALIEIRO
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LUIS FERNANDO BATISTA PINTO
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LUIZ FERNANDO BRITO
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Data: Sep 15, 2023
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Show Abstract
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The main objectives of this study were to perform genome-wide association studies using imputed high-density genetic markers data from North American Holstein cattle, for eight hoof-related traits: digital dermatitis (DD), sole ulcer (US), sole hemorrhage (HS), white line lesion (DLB), heel horn erosion (ET), interdigital dermatitis (DI), interdigital hyperplasia (HI) toe ulcer (UP) and a hoof health index (ISC), for thirteen body conformation traits: body condition score (BCS), body depth (PC), bone quality (QO), chest width (LP), dairy capacity (CL), foot angle (ANG), front legs view (VPD), heel depth (PT), height at front end (AF), locomotion (LOC), rear legs rear view (VTPT), rear legs side view (VLPT) and stature (ST) and a composite feet and leg score (IPP). De- regressed estimated breeding values (dEBVs) from 39,135 Holstein animals were used as pseudo-phenotypes for the association analyses. The molecular marker quality control, genotype phasing, and genotype imputation were performed using the PLINK, Eagle, and Minimac4 software, respectively. A mixed linear model was used to estimate SNP effects in the GCTA package. The functional genomic analyses were performed using the GALLO R package and the DAVID platform. A total of 22 significant SNPs were found for DD, 34 for ET, 14 for DI, 22 for HI, 28 for HS, 33 for US, 24 for UP, 43 for DLB, 15 for ISC, 20 for ECC, 60 for PC , 13 for QO, 17 for LP, 27 for CL, 13 for IPP, 8 for ANG, 7 for VPD, 19 for PT, 4 for AF, 10 for LOC, 13 for VTPT, 15 for VLPT and 7 for ST. The significant markers were located across the whole genome, except on the chromosome BTA27. Moreover, these genomic regions overlapped with various previously reported quantitative trait loci (QTL) for exterior, health, meat and carcass, milk, production, and reproduction traits. Enrichment analyzes identified 71 significant gene ontology terms. These findings indicated that hoof health and body conformation traits are highly polygenic and influenced by a wide range of biological processes.
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11
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Crislaine Palmeira Barbosa de Oliveira
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Supplementation of amino acid chelated minerals in low-protein diets for Nile tilapia: Chromium and zinc
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Advisor : LUIZ VITOR OLIVEIRA VIDAL
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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CLÁUDIA FIGUEREDO SILVA
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WILSON MASSAMITU FURUYA
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BERNARDO BALDISSEROTTO
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LUIZ VITOR OLIVEIRA VIDAL
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RODRIGO FORTES DA SILVA
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Data: Oct 19, 2023
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Show Abstract
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This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with Cr-methionine (chelated chromium with methionine) and ZnAA (zinc-amino acid complex) in extruded diets containing reduced protein levels in relation to productive performance, carcass composition, nutrient retention, and hematological, biochemical, and metabolic responses in juvenile Nile tilapia. For the evaluation of Cr-methionine, the animals were fed two control diets (without the addition of Cr-methionine), which were divided into a positive control (311 g kg-1 crude protein) and a negative control (255 g kg-1 crude protein). Five other experimental diets (255 g kg-1 crude protein) with supplementation of 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 mg Cr-methionine kg diet−1 were conducted. For the evaluation of ZnAA, the animals were fed two control diets (without the addition of ZnAA), categorized as a positive control (295 g kg-1 crude protein) and a negative control (264 g kg-1 crude protein). Five other experimental diets (264 g kg-1 crude protein) with supplementation of 0.0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 mg kg−1 were tested. The duration of the experiments was 9 weeks. Fish from the 0.8 and 1.0 mg Cr-methionine kg diet−1 treatments showed zootechnical variables similar to the positive control. Gross energy values and energy retention were significantly higher in the 0.6 mg Cr-methionine kg diet−1 treatment than in the positive control. The negative control and 80 mg ZnAA kg diet−1 treatments showed similar growth performance to the positive control. Lipid values and carcass nitrogen retention were significantly lower in the positive control than in the other treatments. In conclusion, it is possible to recommend supplementation with Cr-methionine and ZnAA in low-protein diets for Nile tilapia to promote improvements in growth performance and reduce dietary protein through better nutrient utilization without affecting metabolism.
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12
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OLGA CEDRO DE MENEZES
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CHITOSAN IN DIETS FOR JERSEY COWS FED WITH SOURCES OF UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS
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Advisor : JOSE ESLER DE FREITAS JUNIOR
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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FABIANO FERREIRA DA SILVA
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ADRIANA REGINA BAGALDO
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GUILHERME RIBEIRO ALVES
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JOSE ESLER DE FREITAS JUNIOR
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LAUDI CUNHA LEITE
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Data: Dec 8, 2023
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Show Abstract
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This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the association of chitosan with unsaturated fatty acids sources on the intake and digestibility of nutrients, ruminal fermentation, microbial protein synthesis, nitrogen balance, blood metabolites, milk production and composition and energy balance in lactating Jersey cows. Five Jersey cows fistulated in the rumen [mean days in lactation = 150 ± 45 days; milk production 22,2 ± 4,5 kg; body weight = 350 ± 25 kg] were distributed in a 5 × 5 Latin square, with periods of 21 days. The cows were fed five diets: 1) CON (CON), consisting of a basal diet based on soybean meal and ground corn, with the inclusion of 3% palm kernel oil; 2)(OS) diet including 3% soybean oil based on total DM; 3) diet (GS) with the inclusion of 16% of raw and whole soybeans based on total DM; 4) diet (SOCHI) with inclusion of 3% soybean oil and 0.02% chitosan (CHI) based on total DM and; 5)(WRSCHI), diet including 16% raw and whole soybeans and 0.2% Q in total DM. Results were considered significant when P<0.05. Higher intakes of CP, pdNDF and CNF were observed in diets containing sources of fatty acids compared to the CON diet. Higher intakes of DM, OM, CP and EE were observed in the SOCHI and WRSCHI diets compared to the SO and WRS diets. Higher concentrations of total SCFA, acetate in Mmol, acetate in %, propionate and methane were observed in diets containing sources of fatty acids compared to the CON diet. Higher N intakes were observed in diets containing sources of fatty acids compared to the CON diet. There were higher N intakes in the OSQ diet compared to the GSQ diet. There were greater fecal N excretions in the OSQ diet compared to the GSQ diet. There were lower SPM and total purine efficiencies in diets containing fatty acid sources compared to the CON diet. There were higher concentrations of GGT in diets containing sources of fatty acids compared to the CON diet. There were lower concentrations of urea and GGT in the GS diet compared to the OS diet. There were lower concentrations of urea and GGT in the GSQ diet compared to the OSQ diet. The GSQ and OSQ diets increased net energy intake compared to the GS and OS diets. Lower concentrations of C16:0 and C18:1 cis-9 and higher concentrations of C4, C6, C8, C10, C12, C14, C18:1 trans-11, C18:1 cis-11, C18:2 n6-cis , C18:3 n3, CLA c-9, t-11, C20:4, <C16, >C16, were observed in diets containing sources of fatty acids compared to the CON diet. Higher net energy intakes were observed in the GSQ and OSQ diets. Higher DM and MO values in the rumen pool were observed in the GS diet compared to the OS diet. Higher NDF values in the pool were found in the GSQ diet in relation to the OSQ diet. Lower rumen renewal rate (TRR) %/h of OM were found in the GS and OS diets compared to the OSQ and GSQ diets. Higher TRR %/h DM values were observed in the OS diet compared to the GS diet. Lower digestion rates %/h of NDF and NDFpd, and lower rumen renewal rates %/h of OM, NDF and NDFpd were observed in the GSQ diet in relation to the OSQ diet. The association between chitosan and sources of long-chain fatty acids alters intake, nitrogen utilization and microbial protein synthesis, ruminal fermentation, milk fatty acid profile, blood metabolites and ruminal kinetics in lactating Jersey cows. Therefore, the results reinforce that chitosan has positive interactions with different forms and sources of fatty acids.
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13
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MARINA RIBEIRO ARAÚJO SANTOS
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Effect of the X chromosome in a wide-genome association study (GWAS) for
reproductive traits in Murrah buffaloes
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Advisor : RAPHAEL BERMAL COSTA
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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CAIO VICTOR DAMASCENO CARVALHO
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EVA CLICIA DE JESUS ALMEIDA
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PAULO LUIZ SOUZA CARNEIRO
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RAPHAEL BERMAL COSTA
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VALDECY APARECIDA ROCHA DA CRUZ
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Data: Dec 20, 2023
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Show Abstract
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ABSTRACT
The X chromosome is the fifth largest chromosome in the buffalo genome, containing many genes that can influence the expression of economically important traits. However, in current GWAS studies, researchers almost exclusively use molecular markers from autosomes, excluding the sex chromosomes. Thus, the aim of this work was to identify potential candidate genes in a Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) on the X chromosome related to reproductive traits (age at first calving – AFC, first calving interval – CFI1, and second calving interval – CFI2) in Murrah buffaloes. CFI1 represents the period from an animal's calving to the subsequent one during its first lactation, while CFI2 refers to the interval between the second and third subsequent calving during the second lactation of the animal. Phenotypic information from 3,913, 1,096, and 743 animals was used for AFC, CFI1, and CFI2, respectively. The pedigree included 96,897 animals, of which 1,222 were genotyped using the 90K Axiom® Buffalo Genotyping Array (Affymetrix/Thermo Fisher Scientific). The weighted single-step methodology (WssGBLUP) was employed, selecting windows that explained more than 0.5% of the additive genetic variance with 100 adjacent SNPs. Gene ontology analysis was exclusively conducted on significant windows of the X chromosome. Genes with potential functions in sexual precocity and reproductive efficiency emerged as candidates for AFC (POF1B and DACH2), CFI1 (AR and SLC6A14), and CFI2 (RPS6KA6, PCDH11X, PABPC5, G6PD, GDI1, RPL10, FLNA, MECP2, and L1CAM). This study provided greater insight into the strong association of X chromosome markers with reproductive traits in females, and these findings may contribute to understanding economically relevant biological processes in buffalo species.
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