Many sociologists of religion have recently argued about secularization, claiming that what has been diminishing over time is not personal belief but religious institutional practice. With the growing interest and number of scientific publications in the field of R/E and health in the last 20 years, there are numerous studies that have identified a positive relationship between religiosity/spirituality and health, both physical and mental. There is also evidence that R/E is an important dimension for most people, especially when they are sick, and that many patients want these issues to be included in their primary health care. However, there are still few professionals who approach this theme in the meeting with the patient, mainly because they are not prepared for it. Although most American schools have R/E and health education in medical undergraduate curricula, this education is still precarious and flawed. Most primary health care professionals had no contact with the topic during graduation. Many R/E and health courses and disciplines have been offered in primary care training, especially in family medicine, in an attempt to better prepare these professionals for comprehensive and multidisciplinary care that includes the spiritual dimension. However, much remains to be investigated, especially regarding the specific actions of spiritual care, how to approach the R/E with the patient, how to teach this topic in medical curricula and what are the most effective teaching methodologies for transforming the clinical practice of patients. primary health care professionals. The present review showed that the frequency of approaching R/E in primary care practices is still low, and that there are many challenges to the insertion of this theme in the clinical meeting. On the other hand, there is a large participation of professionals of this level of attention both in the provision of spiritual care and in the scientific production of the area. Among the PHC specialties, family physicians are the ones who most seek to know the spiritual/religious beliefs of their patients, as well as the residency or specialization program that most promotes training focused on this theme. In the educational field, there are already many examples of strategies and teaching tools in R/E and health that can serve as a source and support new initiatives towards the realization of this teaching in undergraduate medical and postgraduate courses in primary care. Cheers. However, the consistency and effectiveness of this teaching is still unknown, since there is little research that seeks to evaluate the methodologies used and the interventions performed. Thus, the inclusion of R/E in undergraduate and postgraduate courses in health is essential, and the expansion of this teaching to different realities, contexts and professional categories, so that health professionals can develop a broader clinical practice. integral and humanized/humanizing.