Banca de DEFESA: JEAN MARCELO DOS SANTOS FARAOH

Uma banca de DEFESA de MESTRADO foi cadastrada pelo programa.
STUDENT : JEAN MARCELO DOS SANTOS FARAOH
DATE: 15/12/2022
TIME: 08:00
LOCAL: https://conferenciaweb.rnp.br/webconf/jarlee-oliveira-silva-salviano
TITLE:

ANALYSIS OF THE CATEGORICAL IMPERATIVE AND KANT'S FREEDOM

KEY WORDS:

Categorical Imperative; Freedom; Morality in Kant. 

PAGES: 138
BIG AREA: Ciências Humanas
AREA: Filosofia
SUBÁREA: Ética
SUMMARY:

The categorical imperative is the central idea formulated by Kant in order
to analyze what motivates human action and understand both morals and ethics. How
an individual acts on the basis of principles he would like to see applied is the maxim
and could become what Kant calls universal law. Acting based on duty (in this case,
based solely on the supreme principle of morality) goes beyond the concept of doing
what you would like to be done, since your attitude must be free of any interest and
always have an end in itself. same. It is above moral relativism in which what is correct
depends on the situation and context in which the subject finds itself, being beyond
subjectivity, as it can be applied to everyone. At its core is “doing what I would like
everyone to do with everyone”, assuming that your actions will be right if they can
become a universal law followed by the collectivity. Kant's categorical imperative is
based on statements that complement each other, guiding the way in which morally
correct conduct is analyzed: 1. "Act as if the maxim of your action should become,
through your will, a universal law”. 2. “Act in such a way that you use humanity both in
yourself and in the person of anyone else, always and at the same time, as an end and
never as a means”. 3. "Act in such a way that your will can face itself, at the same time
as a universal legislator through maxims." Taking these statements as a starting point,
the categorical imperative is understood as a moral duty that must absolutely reach
everyone. Such a precept is the end in itself and cannot have external justification. Its
objective is to escape the subjective aspects of utilitarianism and understand that the
moral value of actions is closely linked to the agent's motivation and not to the
consequences of any rational agent's act. An action will be morally correct if the
motivation for the agent's conduct is free from any internal or external interest. Thus,
the morally correct act can be analyzed by the procedure of establishing the maxim to
be evaluated (the Principle of Action) and presupposing the transformation of this
maxim into universal law, verifying the consequences of its universalization and
ascertaining whether the moral agent would accept the consequences of transforming
their conduct into a universal law followed by all. Thus, the categorical imperative ends
up valuing the intrinsic value of conduct, the fulfillment of duty driven only by the correct
decision to be taken impartially and disinterestedly respecting the value and humanity
of each rational being and acting according to maxims that everyone could embrace
and practice. The idea of the reason that determines the imperative as it is is about
Freedom. For Kant, freedom is the autonomy to fulfill one's duty in accordance with the
Laws of Nature. “By “moral freedom” must be understood, according to Kant, the
faculty of adaptation to the laws that our reason gives to ourselves; by “juridical
freedom”, the faculty of acting according to the external world, not being impeded by
the equal freedom of other human beings, free like me, internally and externally”.
These are two important concepts that govern the Kantian theory of morality. The
objective of this work is to analyze these concepts, their relationships and their
implications, with a special focus on the books Groundwork for the Metaphysics of
Morals and The Critique of Practical Reason.

COMMITTEE MEMBERS:
Presidente - 2367419 - JARLEE OLIVEIRA SILVA SALVIANO
Interno - 1083320 - DANIEL TOURINHO PERES
Externo à Instituição - VALERIO HILLESHEIM