Based on presented in assumptions of correlation between mobility conditions and socio-spatial segregation and the participation of Salvador's modernist street design in such excludes urban processes, this research focuses on investigating the impact of the design of valley avenues, built since the 1940s, on the connection between neighborhoods, and its possible exacerbation with the ongoing process of their overlap by the BRT system structure. Focusing on pedestrian mobility and neighborhood integration, this investigation selects the surroundings of Juracy Magalhães Júnior avenue, characterized by strong socioeconomic disparities, and where BRT implementation works are currently underway. The spatial syntax model was used to understand pedestrian space occupancy based on the urban grid configuration and the topological relationships between closed and open spaces as the methodology allows an analysis of future occupancy from two-dimensional plans and cartographic material. In parallel, the relationship between the typology of open spaces in the region and their walkability was investigated. Both analyses were conducted considering the avenue's situation before the start of BRT works and after their completion based on the plans presented for its project. The results reveal the avenue as a barrier between neighborhoods, with low integration, limited pedestrian infrastructure, and a disproportionate prioritization of open spaces dedicated to car traffic. This situation is likely to be exacerbated after the completion of BRT implementation.

The research addresses the integration of Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Facilities Management (FM) technologies to support maintenance activities in historic buildings. It seeks to identify points for improvement in the maintenance management process with the use of BIM-FM software within a proposed workflow and guidelines for developing information requirements and the corresponding deliverable models. The methodology is based on bibliographic research, case study, and practical experimentation, involving documentary research, geometric data capture, and BIM-FM integration to support maintenance services, and an investigation into best practices for Heritage Building Information Modeling (HBIM). It also studies integration technologies and supporting tools, with a discussion of formats and files for interoperability of information between different applications and open standard formats such as IFC and COBie. It also addresses aspects of the organization of construction information for BIM modeling, such as classification systems and the study of supporting techniques, such as taxonomy and ontology. HBIM specifications, such as the LODIA Protocol (related to the levels of detail, information, and accuracy of a BIM model), are analyzed, along with practices and methods for geometric data capture. Additionally, application examples, such as the Inception, BIMLegacy, and HeritageCare projects, are explored to illustrate the implementation of BIM-FM in historical contexts. Finally, the case study and experimentation developed are presented, which address the process of integrating the BIM model for the maintenance management of historic buildings. The Dalux FM software is used to study processes of integrating geometric and semantic data from the BIM model developed in Revit. The practical part of the research involved carrying out several stages, such as semantic data collection, capture of the building's geometry, BIM modeling, semantic enrichment, and interoperability tests to define a workflow with guidelines for information requirements. The maintenance management system in use at UFBA (Integrated Heritage, Administration, and Contracts System - SIPAC) and Dalux FM are compared. At the end of the work, it is concluded that the use of integrated BIM-FM technologies emerges as an important technique for the management of maintenance services for historical heritage. However, some challenges are identified, ranging from specific aspects such as the lack of textures in the FM environment and the unintuitive interface, to more comprehensive points, such as the need for continuous feeding of information into the system and considerable investment in staff training.

x

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are systems used for monitoring, operation, analysis and planning. Recently, applications involving three-dimensional data have been gaining prominence, such as: 3D registration; urban planning; emergency response; prevention of seismic damage; floods, among others. Much research has been carried out on this topic with the aim of discussing elements related to geometric and semantic modeling according to the CityGML standard. In this standard it is necessary to define the Level of Detail (LOD), which indicates the elements and classes to be represented. Thus, this research proposes a 3D GIS application based on geometric and semantic modeling of the UFBA Federation/Ondina university campus, based on the CityGML standard, to optimize the use of spaces in order to assist campus management. For this, the Design Science Research (DSR) method was used, which seeks to build and evaluate artifacts based on a problem, seeking solutions for it. The methodology used involves: the acquisition of geometric data from the last official aerial photogrammetric survey of the municipality of Salvador, from 2017, to compose the geometric database of the study area; geometric and semantic modeling, in the CityGML standard, of the categories terrain, road system and buildings of the university campus using the SketchUp software and its CityEditor plugin; storing the resulting geometric model in the database as well as inserting new data and creating new tables according to the application's conceptual modeling (using the software PostgreSQL/PostGIS, PgAdmim and 3DCityDB); Finally, the feasibility of the 3D GIS application proposal is demonstrated based on consultations on the uses and functions of spaces as well as spatial analyzes that include the identification of possible routes (of the routes taken by students on campus) and evacuation routes, created to simulate areas susceptible to fire risk in some laboratories at the Polytechnic School.

This dissertation aims to characterise the urban expansion process of the city of Salvador, capital of the State of Bahia, from the implementation of urban allotments in the 1950's. The city of Salvador experienced an intense population growth in the first half of the twentieth century, especially in the 1940's, a moment that coincided with the arrival of large migration flows attracted by the installation of the first industrial parks in the city. The rapid urban and population growth resulted in various transformations in the urban fabric, in terms of the modernization of the existing infrastructure and the acquisition of new areas for housing, meeting the demand for housing of the new population contingent. Based on this, this paper analyses the process of occupation and physical and territorial development of the city, understanding the new urban dynamics, its transformations, agents and factors that culminated in the movement of urban expansion resulting from the implementation of subdivisions, the main form of occupation of the territory and alternative to the housing issue. Through the literature review it is discussed the urban expansion process and its relationship with the urban legislation that regulated the parcelling of land in the city. For the description and analysis of this process and its relationship with the existing planning instruments, the analysis of official documents allowed the construction of a general panorama of thelocal experience by providing on the dynamics of the city that implied in its growth, whether physical, populational, economic and others.

The thesis entitled “Counter-colonialist narratives in Western-world spatialities of black women”, aims, through writings (conceptualized in Portuguese as escrevivências) produced from stories lived and told by black women from the author’s family, to express spatialities, resistance strategies and science in the invention of technologies to deal with the environment in the face of the challenges experienced by black people in Brazilian society arising from a racist, classist and cis-hetero-patriarchal structure. In these stories, created from the investigation of family photographic records, memories, storytelling and fiction, perceptions of the world that go beyond the western modus operandi are evidenced and, therefore, bring to light elements such as ancestry and healing technologies in the midst of their construction. Then, counter-colonialist narratives about black experiences are built from the experiences of family members and ancestors, establishing a panorama through the family axis about similar experiences among black Brazilian families. Stories about displacements, rural exodus, relationship with nature and home, ancestral cosmoperceptions and means of healing in relation to the daily challenges experienced are evidenced. Spatialities are also identified in the narratives, evoked through memories that allow finding different relationships with the environment, established either by transit, by belonging, permanence, ancestry or other relationships with time. They are spatial impressions marked by icons that form arrangements of different spatial natures and represent one more tool for reading the writings that can be used as a basis for cartography and the idealization of urban guidelines.

The fields of conservation of the built heritage and architecture for health care facilities have their specific norms that often do not dialogue among themselves. Considering the recent efforts to value and conserve modern architecture, intensified worldwide in the last decades, it is possible to observe countless hospitals built during this period that have unique cultural values, many times not even acknowledged. Within the few examples inventoried and safeguarded, the antituberculosis architecture assets stand out, which contributed with its hygienic and therapeutic principles to the establishment and dissemination of the modern language worldwide, and has recently been valued, despite the several challenges and conflicts faced in the conservation of its cultural values. Therefore, the general purpose of the present case study is to analyze, from the understanding of its historical course, the physical space transformations resulting from the needs of functional updating of the Santa Terezinha Sanatorium, the only example of this type built in Bahia, considering the obstacles and clashes for the conservation of its cultural values. Thus, the methodology included bibliographical survey, field research, besides the documental analysis regarding the original project, its construction, reforms and new projectual proposals until the present moment. The data discussion and the comparative study were developed based on the historical and architectural analysis of the building. Finally, a follow-up of the recent processes of struggle for the conservation of the worth of the old sanatorium was carried out. As a result, the cultural values of the object connected to the production of the antituberculosis architecture were identified and analyzed, summarized and distributed in five categories: 1) historical-social value; 2) aesthetic-projectual-functional value; 3) technical-scientific value; 4) remarkable-exemplarity value; 5) and authenticity-integrity / conservation value. The Santa Terezinha Sanatorium, currently Octávio Mangabeira Specialized Hospital, inaugurated in 1942, was the pioneer building of modern architecture in Salvador, having international notoriety and an emblematic aesthetics. In eighty years, it has experienced moments of degradation and reforms to conserve its hospital use, incorporating new activities that demanded adaptations in its spatiality. Despite the lack of heritage protection and the recent threats of mischaracterization, the continuity of the sanatorium typology is noted, with a reading of the volumetry, the form, and the antituberculosis architectural solutions that were typical of the first phase of modern architecture in Salvador. Thus, it is possible to reach the conclusion that the building endowed with cultural values and about to get a historic property designation is not an object that must be mummified in order to be conserved; on the opposite, it must remain in use, serving society, and can be adjusted to new functions without necessarily suffering changes that may deconfigure its primordial essence.

The research entitled “Protestant sacred architecture: relations between imaginary, symbolism and the celebratory / liturgical space in the churches of the Calvinist confession in Bahia”, has as main thematic axis the study between liturgical procedure, artistic expression and architectural language, addressing the analysis Protestant religiosity based on their understanding of the sacred through the relationship established between the individual and the organization and structure of the space for liturgical practices. The research seeks to analyze the constitutive and identity aspects of the Protestant sacred space; aiming to understand how the space for celebratory practices is configured and how the symbolic content measurements are made in the Protestant liturgical place. And, how does the art expressed in this culture reflect the Protestant imagination as it is understood by its strands of Christianity? The study contemplates the historical nature of the process of insertion of Protestantism in Brazil, taking as object the churches built between the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, in particular the Presbyterian Churches of the interior of Bahia, from the Central Brazil Mission of the Presbyterian Church of United States; relating imagery, symbology and the Protestant sacred architecture, aiming to trace relations between the spirituality and the aesthetics of the temples, the mystical with the architecture. 

The terreiro is a multiple place of religion, but also of culture, of passing on knowledge through everyday life, of the cult of ancestry, of reverence for the orixás. There are a significant number of factors that need to be understood. Lack of knowledge among others that strengthens racism and exclusion against black people, demonizes them and makes them invisible, in the meantime more specifically Brazilians. This dissertation work aims to analyze the patrimonialization of the Candomblé terreiro Axé Ilê Obá, more specifically during the period of Mãe Sylvia de Oxalá's management between the years 1986 to 2014, a time in which the place was recognized as the first listed Candomblé space by CONDEPHAAT - Council for the Defense of Historical, Archaeological, Artistic and Tourist Heritage in the state of São Paulo. A black and Candomblé group that, due to all the systemic complexity that exists in its experience, it is necessary to understand its structure and history; trajectory of Africans and people of African descent, existing for more than 6,000 years with all the culture and strategy of living that is perpetuated in the diaspora. Through this work, it is also intended to generate material that expands possibilities within Law 10,639, which establishes the mandatory teaching of Afro-Brazilian history and culture, and expands understanding and social balance through knowledge. The terreiro is a space with multiple functions, for practicing religion, learning culture, and realizing the life of a community. The terreiro can be understood in scales of its materiality, between objects, buildings and their insertion in an urban territory. In this dissertation we carried out transdisciplinary research, focusing on systemic complexity within the Axé Ilê Obá Candomblé terreiro, located in the Jabaquara neighborhood in the city of São Paulo.

The research ranged from the history of Candomblé to the meaning and representation of the Orixás. It works with memory and representations expressed in this terreiro and problematizes issues related to the symbols of the city of São Paulo, a city largely structured by Africans and their descendants, without, however, this fact being evidenced by the means of information and publicity in the city. . The city's Candomblés are little known and their insertion in the city's production is little discussed and little problematized. This dissertation explains the different aspects of this terreiro and problematizes its urban insertion. It addresses several factors that are necessary to understand Candomblé and the terreiro in question. It is noteworthy that the lack of knowledge about Candomblé and the terreiros operates in the strengthening of racism and the exclusion of the black population and our culture. Due to racism, the demonialization of terreiro and Candomblé exists, as well as its invisibility. This dissertation work aims to analyze the patrimonialization of the Candomblé terreiro Axé Ilê Obá, more specifically during the period of Mãe Sylvia de Oxalá's management between the years 1986 to 2014, a time in which the place was recognized as the first listed Candomblé space by CONDEPHAAT - Council for the Defense of Historical, Archaeological, Artistic and Tourist Heritage in the state of São Paulo. A black and Candomblé group that, due to all the systemic complexity that exists in its experience, it is necessary to understand its structure and history; trajectory of Africans and people of African descent, existing for more than 6,000 years with all the culture and strategy of living that is perpetuated in the diaspora. Through this work, it is also intended to generate material that expands possibilities within Law 10,639, which establishes the mandatory teaching of Afro-Brazilian history and culture, and expands understanding and social balance through knowledge. This is an original work regarding the joint and articulated study of the design, art, architecture and urbanism of this terreiro.

The present study aims to analyze the architectural production of the Berbert & Peixoto Arquitetos Associados firm, founded through the partnership of architects Emmanuel de Nascimento Berbert (1929-2016) and José Álvaro Peixoto (1925-1993). The main objective is to conduct a survey and systematization of the works conceived by this prolific firm, which ranks among the most enduring of its time. Furthermore, the study aims to carry out an analysis guided by a panoramic approach, segmenting the works into distinct categories in order to discern how this contribution manifested itself in the realm of urban development and the intrinsic character of the city of Salvador. The period of investigation spans from the 1950s until the closure of the firm. Although the professionals in question were educated at the School of Fine Arts, it is worth noting that they were part of the avant-garde of the first generation of architects trained at the Federal University of Bahia. The federalization elevated the course to a higher level, increasing its visibility among Bahian society. Influenced by the EPUCS (Office of Urban Planning of Salvador) and consequently by the Rio de Janeiro school, the firm developed over a hundred projects, many of which left a mark on the architecture of their time, contributing to the urban development and landscape of the city. They incorporated premises inherited from the Rio de Janeiro school, along with the materiality and specific conditions of the place, and knew how to take advantage of the opportunities presented by the economic, cultural, and social conditions imposed on them. The result is a diversity of uses and a geographic scope in their portfolio, perhaps one of the reasons for the firm's longevity. To analyze their production, it was necessary to employ foundations that facilitated graphic analysis, as technical plans, sketches, perspectives, and photographs form the raw material of this research. Combined with the contextual insertion of specific time and place, this allowed for the establishment of qualitative parameters based on quantitative ones in the search for identifying noteworthy works deserving of case study, using a methodology that seeks to understand the work through the analysis of diagrams as an auxiliary tool. To do this, it was necessary to present a specific chapter that explores authors who use the same form of analysis of architectural works, mainly due to the scarcity of publications regarding their works or access to textual data about the firm, the architects, and their architecture. In addition to the theoretical foundations explored to discern the essence of the design intentions, groupings emerged based on usage, time, and geographical position, enabling an approximation of the architects' design thinking and architectural approach. The grounded investigation and the classifications segmented into categories played a crucial role in directing the selection of works for specific case analyses. These case studies facilitated substantial in-depth analysis, enabling a more accurate understanding of the underlying essence of the works designed and/or constructed under the auspices of the mentioned firm, resulting in a true panorama of the entire production and providing indications of necessary further developments that can be explored through suggested focal points.

Based on the decolonial theory, this dissertation proposes to think how the devices of domination and social hierarchization that comes from the modernity/coloniality relationship, since the invasion of the Americas, relegated to certain territories and bodies a peripheral place within the conceptions of modern ways of life. That is, from the Decolonial Turn, it is possible to understand how the riverside territories, on the banks of the rivers, are seen from a perspective of stigmatization and primitiveness, also understanding the fundamental importance that the idea of race has in the relationship of superiority and degradation of cultures, especially in the Amazon region, which is still seen as a land to be explored. From a theoretical approach, linked to field research, interviews and imagetical analysis, it was possible to know and understand the territory to be studied: Vila Elesbão. Located in Santana city, in Amapá, the Elesbão neighborhood translates the reflections taken by the theoretical contribution, demonstrating the experience of a territory permeated by water, that it stills little discussed by the field of Architecture and Urbanism. Thus, it was possible to understand a riverside stilt building that, in its minutiae and singularities, demonstrates the pertinence of thinking about the urbanities that arises from the banks of rivers in the Amazon.

This thesis approaches the proscription of pizza guys throughout the dromological city, how dromology is for them, both a hypothetical imperative and, already in anti-Kantian terms, a categorical imperative. That is, how much it subjugates them and how much it exponentializes them to an almost innate propensity. To do so, it starts with the urban situation of a particular pizza guy (Dos Santos), making use of the notion of “monad”; so soon it could be said that the city of each one is imbricated in the city of all, being that, at the same time, in the city of all the city of each one is also imbricated. The idea is, therefore, more than addressing pizza guys as contemporary proscribed throughout such a monadic city, after all, an impossible city, to also highlight the disruptive potentialities of this urban imbrication not only in the face of urbanism, but also in the face of the state of affairs through which urbanism consolidates its episteme.

The evolution of digital technologies and recent episodes of the destruction of cultural heritage assets have been determinants for the large production of digital reconstruction models of monuments, sites, and historical artefacts. Also, the contemporary hybrid condition of the real and virtual world has demanded digitising the physical world and the construction of digital models applicable to various uses. The position of heritage protection agencies has often encouraged reconstruction as a form of political reaffirmation against extremists and strengthening the resilience of communities. Less controversial and reversible, digital reconstruction aims to represent disappeared monuments and objects, visually restoring them to a given moment in their history. It is also widely used as scientific documents in virtual archaeology, as a promotion of tourism and museum dissemination, as well as a form of resilience in overcoming the loss of destroyed heritage. This research starts from the hypothesis that the understanding of digital reconstruction models is a component of historical and archaeological narratives constructed by a narrator-modeller who makes choices, prioritises aspects and defines the story to be told. Thus, it aims to understand and demonstrate the dimension of digital reconstruction as a digital method and product and propose an extension of the concept of digital reconstruction from the perspective of understanding it as an interpretive process dependent on the interpreter and creator. To achieve these objectives, this thesis proposed to execute a practical project of digital reconstruction and develop digital reconstruction models of the buildings of the historical site of the Convent of Santo Antônio do Paraguaçu, proposing a form of registration and access to paradata and developing virtual narratives to contemplate the theoretical constructions raised. From the proposed developments, it was possible to identify that there is a conceptual simplification of digital reconstruction, as it does not comprehend all of its aspects. It was evidenced that digital reconstruction results from a series of interpretations and decisions, characterising the digital model produced as a cognitive object, a synthesis of an intellectual process based on references to the physical object it represents, while at the same time being a repository of knowledge and a synthesis of this knowledge, by bringing with it the knowledge of heterogeneous sources. Nevertheless, the importance of reco rding this intellectual process as a guarantee of transparency and scientific reliability has become a requirement of heritage institutions, and despite what many authors have proposed, the feasibility of simple solutions for these records (paradata) has been verified, once it is noted that the heart of this issue lies more in the ethical stance of the researcher-modeller than in the technology itself. In the conclusion of this research, it was verified that the virtual narratives developed serve as an arena for the constitution of different versions of history. These have been configured as the primary support for disseminating heritage and investigative, interpretive, and decision-making intellectual work that produces knowledge, not restricting but opening up new possibilities for interpreting history.

What is the writing of the city that is consistent with its multiple temporalities, its multiple spatialities, its diversity? What is the writing of the city that makes coherent its fragmented and dispersed spatiality, its different plots?

In the quest to understand and write a space, a street in transformation, where tractors, pickaxes and shovels turn over its soil, letting various pieces and shards emerge, we chose to look at the materiality that makes up Chile – its buildings, its stones, its bricks – in another way. One of the challenges that this street poses to us, among many others, is that of thinking about matter in a globalized world dominated by immaterial productions of value, such as financial capital, which operates on the materiality of the world, as if it were just a product to be consumed and discarded.

Dealing with the vitality of matter in space, and here we focus on a street in the Historic Center of one of the most touristic cities in Brazil, is also a quest to understand the role of materiality in na increasingly impalpable world, converted into images ready to be consumed as soon as possible. The constant movement of looking at Rua and being looked at by it was and is that of collecting and gathering shards, splinters, fragments, and assembling them into momentary configurations. These configurations are open to anyone willing to play the game, to play the game. The story of Rua Chile is not just one, and can be told at any time from another or other perspectives that generate new and/or possible other Ruas Chiles.

This dissertation endeavors to challenge the prevailing discourses and practices surrounding landscape heritage conservation in Costa Rica, by critically examining the concept of cultural landscape, as defined by the 1972 Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage. Utilizing sociological imagination and critical discourse analysis, this study delves into the colonial implications of the UNESCO designation, which serves as a centralized and universalized reference point, shaping doctrinal notions about heritage and landscape. Through a self-critical approach, the research explores the possibilities and importance of decentering the cultural environment, sustainable development, and the global and regional political systems, which perpetuate the principles of the world system, upon which Western Conservation Theory is still based. The research demonstrates the landscape's dilution between ecological and scenographic dimensions within Costa Rica's national norms on the environment, urban planning, and heritage. The case study in Golfito, located in Costa Rica's South Pacific, was where these perspectives collided. An examination of the imprint left by the United Fruit Company's Banana Enclave, which operated between 1938 and 1985, accomplished this. The identification of enduring marks, visible heritage activations in state declarations, and narratives romanticizing the lush tropical landscape framed between the mountains and the sea, reconstructed by progress but concealing the violence inflicted on the territory, bodies, and memories, all played a role. From Golfito, multidisciplinary discussion sheds light on the complexity of landscape heritage, which includes social values, conflict, and territorial use strategies. The study suggests that landscape heritage can challenge preconceived conceptions and give a variety of interpretations of history when it is activated through participatory practices, honoring local institutions and community voices in identifying a diverse and dynamic image.

Through the study of different methods that seek to build unconventional knowledge of apprehending cities, this thesis proposes an interpretivist method for understanding urban territories that are perceived as opaque, socially abandoned, and marginalized by the State. This method, called Situation of Art, uses art to construct micropolitical and plural contexts of interpretation, focusing on how practitioners of these territories interpret the city under conditions of high social vulnerability. Assuming the partiality of the knowledge it seeks to produce, which is seen as arguments that present themselves or launch themselves into specific territorial discursive conformations, the method is developed in five moments of investigation: urban catabolism, interpretive activation, recognition dispute, own art action, collective art action, and reflexive interpretation.

The thesis is structured into five chapters. In the first chapter, the introduction, I sought to present the contours and nature of the research problem and the thesis objectives. Continuing, I presented the analytical mapping of a set that I considered expressive of interpretivist methods of apprehending the city, organizing them among those more centered in the field of art, in the field of urbanism and planning, and in the field of sociology and anthropology (Chapter 2); to then present the method itself (Chapter 3), in which I also sought to explain its main anchorages and its construction dynamics (chapter 4); and to detail its use in a recent experience in Rome, called "Human, Inhuman, Rome Capital - Situation of Art" (Chapter 5). I concluded with the conclusions (Chapter 6), in which I presented some final reflections, including the limits of this work and a new research agenda.

In African societies and in African philosophy, the formation of everything that exists is governed by the existence of vital energy. The world, including humanity, is represented by the existence of visible and invisible energies, which must be in harmony and balance. Beings have mind, spirit and soul, jointly and harmoniously. You invisible beings, spirits are part of a world in interaction with the visible world. Within this African universe of knowledge, religion and life, the concept of Spiritual Governance. In great opposition to Western hegemony, the views of the Eurocentric world, the concepts of vital energy and Spiritual Governance are postulates of African and Afro-descendant religions and philosophies that rule out dichotomy between human beings and nature. The Spiritual Governance of Sites Sacred natural resources are also part of indigenous cultures. Through their rituals and their way of living, thinking and feeling life, the original peoples protect and defend the biodiversity in the world. African and Afro-Brazilian religions have always started from the belief of pluriversal and pluripresent deities materialized and represented by the elements of nature. Thus, the main theoretical source of the thesis is the Afro-Brazilian Spiritual Governance, that is, the concept contained in Candomblé and what is known about. Candomblé as a theory of life conception. In addition to the factor religious, the conception of how the world operates. Paradigm of African science, the Afro-Brazilian Spiritual Governance is the energy of Axé (vital energy), the energy of deities in the decision process, in the case under study, of (Ori) entations of actions urban planning and architecture. Given these meanings, the scope of the thesis is to understand the importance of Afro-Brazilian Spiritual Governance as a founding element for the construction of support equipment for Pedra de Xangô Park.As for the objectives specific ones consist of: I- investigating how Xangô inspired and convinced the power public, technicians and academics involved in the conception of the architectural project for the implementation of support equipment at Parque Pedra de Xangô to carry out their orders; II - identify the strategies used by adherents of matrix religions Afro-Brazilian communities to enable the construction of a park prospected from their cosmoperception of the world, with an emphasis on the histories, cultures and values of black people in diaspora; III - describe the project’s differences, explaining the meanings and reasons of the various elements that make up the architecture of buildings. Methodologically, the route was woven, in a combined way, and followed the following paths: methodology of Afro-descendant research, observant system (inspired by systemic thinking); technique of cartography of controversies (based on theoretical- methodological aspects of Actor-Network Theory — ANT); bibliographic and documentary research; daily virtual field; interviews; systematization, analysis of speeches and content. You results? It is what has been built and what is to come. Founding element, address of orixás, voduns, inquices, caboclos and enchanted ones, the Stone of Xangô, enchanted nature through the flow of axé, through festivals and rituals, in the relationship between territory and terreiro, it wove and conceived his own contemporary architecture, the architecture of Justice of Xangô, allowing the terreiros, paths and crossroads to become sacred places in network. (In)conclusions: Pedra de Xangô Park is a fluid, circular architecture, in trance, itinerant, in movement, in constant transformation. In summary, a architecture of re-enchantment, sacred, counter-hegemonic that questions hermeneutics Western, Eurocentric narratives and chooses as aesthetics of ambiance the norms of Axé's power.

Antituberculosis architecture emerged as a coordinated therapeutic network to combat the disease on a global scale. Salvador, with a high incidence of tuberculosis, erected buildings aligned with the international movement aligned with the international movement, innovating in the composition of its network. This research addresses the influence of architecture in supporting the fight against tuberculosis in Salvador, Bahia, throughout the first half of the 20th century, considering it a highly lethal disease in the region. The hypothesis underlying this research posits that the architecture developed to support the fight against the epidemic in the capital of Bahia played a strategic and distinctive role in controlling and preventing the spread of the disease. Thus, the proposed study sought to understand architecture as a tool to support the fight against the disease in the context, delving into both international influences and regional characteristics that influenced the conception and construction of buildings designed for epidemic control. Analyzing the historiographic construction of antituberculosis architecture in the region, the research highlights the city’s relevant role in the national context. Through the analysis of international scientific and architectural literature, the research reveals Salvador’s importance in this scenario and the contribution of its network of buildings to disease contagion containment. The study emphasizes the uniqueness of the antituberculosis network in Salvador, encompassing sanatoriums, dispensaries preventorium, teaching hospitals, and research institutes. At the same time, it emphasizes the scarcity of comprehensive records documenting the history of tuberculosis from the city’s perspective and expands on this approach. The primary focus of the research lies in the historiographic construction of the architecture of the antituberculosis buildings that constituted the tuberculosis assistance network in the city and its regional particularities. These included the Ramiro de Azevedo Dispensary, the Santa Terezinha Preventorium, the Santa Terezinha Sanatorium Complex (with emphasis on the Santa Terezinha Sanatorium Hospital), the Brazilian Institute for Tuberculosis Research, and the Tisiologic Clinic Hospital. The conception and adaptation of these structures to meet the specific needs in combating tuberculosis are highlighted. This research not only constructs an understanding of the historiography of antituberculosis architecture in Salvador but also underscores the importance of interdisciplinary approaches to integrate the complex interactions between health, architecture, and society. The study contributes to the safeguarding of history, cultural memory, and historiographic recognition of the antituberculosis network built in Salvador in the 20th century. Furthermore, by recognizing the legacy left by these strategies for combating tuberculosis contagion, foundations are laid for addressing contemporary challenges in public health and architectures geared toward tackling epidemic diseases.

Built from the street, observation, encounter and dialogue, this research sought to apprehend the dynamics established in the woman-work-city relations, focusing on the street work practiced by black women in the streets of downtown Salvador/BA, with the the aim of discuss the processes of everyday "doing-city", the occupations, uses and urban dynamics, disputes and tensions, urban relations, as well as the ways of life that cross the trajectories of these women, such as: work, housing , family. The research had three main women interlocutors, and it was from the field research of an ethnographic character that there was an approximation with the city, the women workers and the practices of street work. “Research meetings” and “implied research” were adopted as theoretical-methodological, epistemic, ethical and political tools, with a view to producing knowledge together, from and with street women workers. The trajectories and narratives of the interlocutors were the guides for the construction of the reflections outlined here, as well as the images and fragments - textual, documentary and empirical - were tools for thinking and narrating the city through other means of language than just writing. From these daily and subjective exchanges, the dissertation moves along three axes of discussion: occupation and dispute; networks of relationships and street politics; and management of everyday life, addressing the complexities and ambiguities that exist in these discussions. Finally, I shift the perception adopted by some approaches referring to street work, which determine it solely by the bias of lack and precariousness, thus seeking - without disregarding that it is also a precarious, criminalized work and deprived of social rights -, to analyze from and together with these dimensions, the trajectories and narratives of the interlocutors in the “doing-city”, which emphasize the importance of these work practices in urban life and in their own lives. Working on the street allows these women, from the margins, to plan and imagine a future, to have perspectives of change and access to the city, having their “guia” as a fundamental element not only of street work, but of a way of life for these women.

Feminisms, in their plurality, have contributed to the advancement of urban studies by introducing new perspectives on the territory, the urban struggle and the different experiences in the city, placing women at the center of urban processes and making them visible as producers and transformers of urban space. The thoughts and actions engendered by prostitutes in dialogue with other groups of women are the fuel for the reflections on feminisms and the urban developed in this research, which focuses on the spatial dynamics of prostitution in the center of Salvador throughout the 20th and 21st centuries, and especially in the context of the recovery of its historic area, which began in the late 1960s. Data collections of different origins were carried out, through bibliographic review, archival research of newspaper news, official documents and photographs, field observations, informal conversations and interviews, whose fragments of narratives of women from the center of Salvador were gathered and stitched together, in a reflective exercise interested in introducing new visions and possible avenues of investigation. From the context of the predominance of red light districts for the concentration of prostitution in the mid-twentieth century, located in the perimeter of historic heritage, to its subsequent dissolution and prevalence of street prostitution, with the occupation of prostitutes in specific points of streets and squares in the historic center transformed into a touristic area, the discussion around the spatial dynamics of prostitution in the center of Salvador contributes to new insights into how science and the city are “zoned” in different historical moments, both by ordering processes that often result in the exclusion and segregation of women in the city, as well as by the women’s protagonism in the organization of collective forms of resistance in the face of excluding spatial processes, which has the power to mess valid forms of thought and city construction and open up possibilities for new looks and approaches.

This work presents a study on the use, applications and stages of creation of three-dimensional Interactive Virtual Environment (3D IVE), related to Virtual Reality (VR), focusing on the process of generating geometric models for the visualization and dissemination of architectural heritage. Based on an extensive literature review and theoretical background, the definitions of the terminology virtual reality and virtual environments are discussed and established, and examples of 3D IVE in the field of built heritage are presented. Then, an overview of the stages of development of a 3D interactive virtual environment is presented, indicating possibilities of methods, techniques and tools for the execution of each stage. An extensive investigation into the generation phase of the geometric models for real-time processing was also performed, including the mapping of workflows, theorical foundations on geometric modeling, point cloud and polygonal mesh models, topology and retopolgy, UV texture mapping, among other concepts, approaching different types of geometric models, their characteristics and methods of generating these geometries. Finally, a case study made in the Historic Center of Laguna city is described and discussed for practical experimentation of the proposed 3D IVE development stages and the generation of photorealistic geometric models from a data acquisition with digital photogrammetry. The case study consisted of the partial development of an interactive virtual environment in the Unreal Engine 4, with the testing of several techniques and tools to obtain models in different levels of detail. This work contributed to the clarification of the development of VR applications, the definition of a base workflow for the generation of geometric models of historic buildings for use in 3D IVE and the presentation of possibilities for using and interacting with these models in a game engine.

The territory of Itapuã is crossed by the daily practices inherited from the indigenous and black population that inhabited this place in previous periods and that have been reformulated by their descendants over time. The intensification of the emergence of new occupations and the urban interventions promoted by government agencies, which took place from the second half of the 20th century onwards, generated significant changes in the landscape and consequently in the socio-spatial relationships that the residents had in this territory. Therefore, this dissertation aims to contribute to the urban debate, through the investigation of the presence of Afro-Indians and their descendants in the formation and spatial organization of Itapuã. The elaboration of this work has as inspiration for the accomplishment of the collection and analysis of data the foundations of the Afrodescendant Methodology in Research and uses in the systematization of the information the junction of the principles of the Visionary Fictions and of the Afrofabulations. This investigation made it possible to recognize, in the midst of the various transformations, how the residents generated possibilities for the construction of this urban space and ways of permanence of life.

The proposal of this master's research is to study urban sprawl in relation to situations of socioenvironmental vulnerability, associated with the risk of flooding, which presents itself in the urban fabric of Gonaïves and can be understood in the historical-political relations and in the incessant economic inequality in Haiti, which makes the environment and the population of the urban area of Gonaïves more vulnerable during natural disasters.They are: (i) to study the urban configuration and Haitian urbanization in which the city of Gonaïves fits; (ii) to characterize the urban expansion, through historical process and factor analysis; (iii) to characterize the urban expansion, through center and periphery relationship analysis; (iv) to characterize the socio-environmental vulnerability, through factor analysis; (v) to map the urban expansion, in order to obtain the flood risk areas and destination zones of the urban population particularly from the great deadly catastrophes of 2004 and 2008 in the city and; (vi) to identify important variables and indicators to analyze the situations of socio-environmental vulnerabilities in the process of urban expansion of the city of Gonaïves. The important accelerated urban occupations in the highest parts of the city, after the floods of 2004 and 2008, in Gonaïves, where this urban expansion has been creating and enlarging unequal spaces, some being privileged as to geographical and topographical characteristics (high ground), while others are unfavorable, occupying the flat reliefs and below sea level. Both spaces suffer, constantly, with a deficit in urban infrastructure and drainage systems, with more and more dense and irregular residential buildings in terms of construction, in addition to soil sealing. Many times, these constructions are subject to natural disasters, mainly by heavy rainfall, contributing to the socioenvironmental degradation of the city. The understanding of this urban expansion in Gonaïves, in relation to frequent flooding, socio-environmental vulnerabilities, and economic inequalities, becomes more than necessary to plan a more resilient and sustainable city for the urban population. 

This dissertation investigates – guided by photographs by the French photographer Marcel Gautherot arranged throughout the first 40 volumes of the Revista do Patrimônio [Heritage Magazine] published by IPHAN – the use of the photographs as an instrument for the construction, renewal and instauration of visualities for Brazilian cultural heritage. In particular, three editions act as catalysts for this reflection: n.19 (1984), n.26 (1997) and n.27 (1998). When facing them, it was necessary to use concepts such as analysis guides, such as selection, exclusion, repetition and graphic design, in addition to the concepts present in the title: editorial, photograph and heritage. With the help of these terms, it was possible to orbit around the institutional and editorial motivations that created a common visual platform for our national heritage, going through the conditions of editorial production and the development of the fields of photography and heritage in Brazil. In addition to what the magazines themselves presented as a finished objects, there is the seek to understand what precedes the final product – through documents and oral sources – given that what precedes the magazine-product is what effectively results in official visualities, their reception and establishment. The intersection between the editorial, photograph and heritage fields, therefore, is the metaphorical place where this new object, this re-assembly in the form of a dissertation, occurs. 

This investig.a(c)tion discusses rights violations and community engagement in the urban restructuring processes in the Centro Antigo de Salvador. By means an approach that relates socio-spatial formation and asymmetrical power relations based on racism and social discrimination, we seek to reflect how has been shaped a neoliberal type of urban planning and management that keeps updating historical processes of vulnerabilization of black and popular territories. Articulating the notions of dispositive of raciality (CARNEIRO), compositional thinking (FERREIRA da SILVA) and cartographic activism (SANTOS), we mapped the various actuations of public managers and private initiatives around a corporate and notedly racist urban production, as also the social actions carried out by communities and organized movements around struggles for permanence, for popular housing, for infrastructure and for the guarantee of broad rights. For this, we identified, within a time frame between 2010 and 2020, a heterogeneous set of laws, urban ordering actions, architectural and urban interventions, discursive statements, violations of rights, real estate launches and other institutional practices in the scope of planning and management of the Centro Antigo. These actions are here understood as control procedures that update a colonial and racial matrix of power. Concomitantly, we put in relation the social actions of mobilization with, interventions in institutionalized spaces of participation, public acts, notes, manifestos, internet posts and collective care actions developed by a network of community collaborations that maintain and sustain the life of these territories. In search of understanding the complex power games that constitute these territories permeated by violence, orderings, resistance, cooperation, negotiations and disputes, we methodologically use cartographic practice as a way of thinking-acting in conflictive-collaborative situations. In addition to a visual tool for critical conceiving and territorial analysis, we use multilingual cartographies as an instrument of social and political action. From the perspective of a practical engagement, with an extensionist bias, the cartographics investig.a(c)tions aim to contribute to the broadening of public comprehension about the socio-spatial realities of the Centro Antigo and to collaborate with the strategies of social struggles of communities and local movements. For this, we bet on the construction of a collaborative virtual platform as a possibility for sharing and accessing the database and the cartographies carried out in this graphic-dissertative work. 

The thesis seeks to investigate the processes of contemporary urban transformation of the city on the periphery of capitalism according to neoliberal practices, discourses and agendas that lead to illusory urban products and urban artificialities. For this, the investigation was based on specific national and international academic literature, document analysis, interviews and primary data, taking the city of Salvador (Bahia, Brazil) as its specific object, especially part of the Historic Center of Salvador (HCS), such as Rua Chile and surroundings. The structure of the work starts from the analysis of the broader context, identifying logics and phenomena that dialogue and help to understand the local reality. Thus, the first chapter analyzes the reality of Latin American cities and, within them, some Brazilian specificities, marked by chronic urban issues and solutions that are not very assertive. The second chapter presents how capitalist urbanization can be dysfunctional, and even more so for developing cities, producing millions of cubic meters of concrete and steel in expensive projects, poorly balanced between public and private power, and even unnecessary. The third chapter narrows the investigation to the reality of cultural districts located in traditional or historic centers, signaling how the logics of tourism, heritage and creative economy are mixed, often due to gentrification and the real estate economy. The fourth chapter analyzes the HCS from recent history to its contemporary reality, marked by public and private projects such as the Bahia Creative District on Rua Chile, noting the reproduction of the logics presented throughout the thesis and evidencing the incompatibility between practices and discourses of “revitalization” with what would in fact be most important for the HCS. Finally, the thesis brings a series of questions and new reflections relevant to the contemporary role of urbanization in the context of capitalism, showing how the agenda of “good urban practices” obfuscates central problems; how public-private physiologism is based on fragile “assumed truths” and has generated “pseudo-solutions” and; how the idea of the “production of urban artificiality” allowed not only to reconcile, but to go beyond the analysis through the bias of gentrification.

In the first decade of this millennium, in Brazil, the notion of mobility emerged as a promise of transforming cities, work, economy and urban life based on the imaginary of more human cities oriented towards pedestrians and cyclists. A new consensus was formed there between the State, economic sectors and the social movement at the same time that the middle classes returned to cycling in the urban environment. This thesis proposes to understand how the need to build a “new space” for a “new phase of capitalism” facilitated the interaction between different agents (from the social movement to the financial system) under the same contract of defending the notion of mobility. Taking cycle activism in São Paulo as a focus and the propositions of Boltanski and Chiapello on the constitution of a “new spirit of capitalism”, the hypothesis was raised that the cycle activism boom and the use of bicycles by the middle classes would have been the expression surface of a conjuncture that associated rationalities and subjectivities that were articulated in the determination of the meanings of the production of a “new city” more in tune with the “new spirit” that was being installed. Mobility was thus analyzed within the context of a longer history as an instance of the broader notion of movement. It was concluded that if in the second spirit of capitalism the bicycle had emerged as one of the symbols of criticism of the industrial world and of criticism of the modern notion of transport, this same bicycle and its struggles were re-signified in the emergence of the third spirit, thus being able to figure as the basis of the new justification system of the new world by project. In Brazil, bicycle activism was still constituted as an instrument of mobilization, engagement of young people and their adaptation to the new rules of operation of the world by project.

In the last 50 years Brazil has gone through a series of transformations in the way it
produces its urban space. With the decline of the authoritarian period and the process
of political reopening, a different moment of urban policy construction began in which
the struggles of social movements began to be incorporated in various ways in
different parts of the national territory. One of these experiences, which emerged in
this context, is the application of the ZEIS (Special Zones of Social Interest) in municipal
zoning recognizing popular territories and seeking to protect them from the negative
consequences of the real estate market. One of the first experiences of this instrument
took place in Recife (PE), in the 1980s, and has as specificity the construction of a
participative management system known as the PREZEIS (Plan for Regularization of the
ZEIS). Over four decades, this public policy has been consolidated, secured
achievements, but gone through ups and downs. Given the "recent" transformations in
Brazilian politics, which are going through a moment of dismantling and regression
from the national scale to local governments, it is necessary to evaluate the impacts
this has caused on Recife's ZEIS policy. Therefore, this research aimed to investigate
how, over time, conflicts and disputes (in their physical, legal, and symbolic
dimensions) among the various agents (organized in the categories State, market, and
social movements) interfere in the production of urban policy, especially the ZEIS. To
bring more depth to the analysis, the ZEIS Entra Apulso was taken as a case study to
guide the research over three periods: the final moments of the dictatorship (1970-
1980), the construction and implementation of the PREZEIS (1980-2000) and the most
recent period (2000-2019). To comply with what was said; a bibliographic review and
analysis of official documents were carried out, which were confronted with interviews
of important characters, both in the case of Entra Apulso, as in the general context of
the city. With results, it was observed that the ZEIS are disputed in four aspects: i) in
their existence; ii) in the definition of their perimeter; iii) in the perspectives of
urbanization and land regularization; and iv) in the application and management of
parameters and other urbanistic instruments. It is also observed that, in the most
recent period, the State has increasingly lost its protagonism in the management of
public policy, giving space for real estate market agents to assume this role. On the
part of the social movements, the emphasis is on trying to recover the prestige of the
PREZEIS and, above all, to update it to the new demands that have arisen.

This work aims to report a research on the techniques of restoration of old Portuguese tiles, applied in works of the architectural ensemble of the State of Bahia. Restorative and conservative techniques applied in cases of performed interventions were investigated and described, evaluating the type of technique used. For this, criteria were identified, which allowed describing the trajectory of the various methodologies employed, pointing out what has been accomplished, in recent times, in this area. The study included visits to foundations and document centers and consultations with private collections and public and private institutions for access to original documents. The bibliographic research on ancient Portuguese tiles, given the scarcity of written information on this topic, was deepened and expanded with the identification of different aspects involving the restoration of tiles, which resulted in new analyzes and interpretations of the importance of restoring the good artistic, cultural and historical Portuguese tile.

This research presents possibilities for an expanded practice of urbanism through its intersection with experimental and collective processes of fields such as visual arts and graphic editorial design. To this end, it sets in motion a reunion of ideas, practices and images (technical and metaphorical), having as its main methodological and epistemological inspiration the way of thinking propossed by the German art historian Aby Warburg in his Atlas Mnemosyne (1924-1929), recently explored in depth by theorists like Georges Didi-Huberman (2013) and Paola Berenstein Jacques (2020). Thought not only (but also) as an editorial and scientific genre, the atlas is presented from multiple points of view, in an attempt to excavate some points of the wide territory of meanings and migrations that were constituted over five centuries around this word. Far from trying to compose an exhaustive historical or theoretical panorama, this survey seeks instead to find points where relations can be woven and expanded through the intersection with other texts presenting contemporary artistic, anthropological and urban processes, in addition to experimentation processes carried out in parallel with the development of this research. The collection of fragments, in constant recombination through experimentation with different supports, helps also to think about the co-implications between forms, processes and ways of spatializing knowledge. The elusive and multifaceted image that is composed in this process, presents a way of thinking about the urban space that, impure, multiple, imprecise and always unfinished as the city itself is, refuses the rigidity of scientific and technical models in favor of critical and collective experimentation guided by the mobilization of the imagination.

Esta Tesis de Maestría desarrollada en el ámbito del Programa de Postgrado en Arquitectura y Urbanismo de la Universidad Federal de Bahía, saca a la luz la relación entre segregación socioespacial y movilidad urbana en las afueras de Salvador, con un perfil espacial para el barrio de Cajazeiras XI. . Inicialmente, se realizan reflexiones conceptuales sobre los temas abordados para sustentar toda la investigación que impregna toda la discusión.
El método de aproximación se utilizó con la intención de conocer las particularidades del barrio, para luego realizar la investigación empírica, enfatizando las narrativas de los vecinos del barrio, tanto en el análisis de la infraestructura del barrio como en los desplazamientos en transporte público.
El estudio busca relacionar el tema de la periferia socioespacial, centrándose en la ciudad de Salvador y sus proyectos urbanos y cuáles son las consecuencias para el desplazamiento de personas en situación de segregación socioespacial.
El carácter sociopolítico de la discusión permitió que el estudio se realizara a través de caminos reales de los vecinos, lo que permitió documentar todo con el propósito de producir la obra. Esta etapa solo fue posible gracias a quienes aceptaron narrar su cotidianidad en los desplazamientos, lo que permitió resaltar el carácter segregante y excluyente de los barrios periféricos y la infraestructura ofrecida.

The production of urban space in Brazilian cities is still connected with the way through which the land division happened in the country since its colonization. This context explains why onlya small group of the population has the right over private propriety – land/housing, opposed to most people who is marginalized and have their rights denied throughout the history. This factor corroborates the social disparity scenario and is associated with the configuration of urban spaces until nowadays, especially on coastal areas whose vacation appeal attracts the real estate capital. This guides therefore the space production according to the agents’ interests and strategies which are responsible for this construction, determining where and how such urban places will be occupied. Thereby, this case study concerns the urban space production on vacation areas, more specifically on Ponta de Campina, a neighborhood in Cabedelo, which is a city within metropolitan region of João Pessoa – PB, in order to observe the interference of real estate capital in the process of occupation of the aforementioned neighborhood, focusing on the dissemination of residential enterprises in its pieces of land – especially by the sea –as the remnants of non-demarcated land on the North coast of João Pessoa city.

This thesis has as its starting point the finding of the existing gap between teaching practices, mostly carried out in schools of architecture and urbanism, and the various popular realities coexisting in the country. Such detachment is understood here as a significant part of a broader system, which has in teaching some of its gears that act in the formation of an elite field of action, which develops itself despite the inequalities that have historically characterized Brazilian society and cities. This understanding guides the scrutiny of perspectives of approximation between the teaching of architecture and urbanism and popular realities, in the intention of making it more complex, through the multiplicity of issues that emanate from this approach.

The research field was configured as a set of extension and teaching initiatives, which converged in the projective interactions that involved teachers and students from FAUFBA, and residents (s) and their self- built houses in the popular neighborhood of Gamboa de Baixo, in Salvador-BA. The analyzed interactions occurred through cycles of different intensities, with their greatest concentration in the years 2018 and 2019. This set of interaction initiatives between university and community, led us to conceptualize the Extensionist Arrangement, as an articulation between different possibilities available in the structures of the university, involving adaptable ways of dealing, on one hand, with the temporal asynchrony between community processes and academic processes, and on the other hand, with the gaps and limitations characteristic of each initiative involved.

The analysis of the evidence and learning that emerged in the interactions with Gamboa, led us to observe the dimensions of politics, culture, and technology as fundamental reading keys for understanding the ills of teaching, which proved to be directly connected to the existing gap between teaching and popular realities. The observation of the data on the prism of these three dimensions, explained that the learning with which we interact was quite different from those with which the students were more accustomed in the training environments. These different learnings make up a hue of tension, generating what we understand to be the tension zones that coexist in the teaching of architecture and urbanism.

The interaction with the reality of Gamboa de Baixo informed us about other ways of teaching and learning, which go beyond classroom spaces and university agents, allowing the approach of a variety of other themes and issues that enriched the researched teaching activities, at the same time that they indicated the need to overcome institutionally structured ways of thinking over decades. Based on Gamboa’s experience, using prototyping and experimental methodologies that are based on the principles of open source, we highlight paths and notes for a closer approximation between teaching and popular realities, through teaching practices that point out other forms of the profession for architects and urban planners.

Key words: teaching and extension, architecture and urbanism, extension arrangement, tension zones, extension pedagogy.

This thesis brings tensions of the teaching-learning of Architecture and Urbanism in the graduations from cognitive problematizations of the body itself - in the form of feeling-thinking-acting subject to the system or deviating from it in emancipation and autonomy - and from the experiences of a teacher- -architect. Going through methodological paths built on the basis of intervention research, the thesis is being sensitively woven as a web, existential territory in which the researcher-teacher-spider, in conversations with other Architecture and Urbanism teachers and students of the same course seeks, through opening movements to the multiple realities of the world, to incorporate knowledge and improve skills to learn and to investigate other people’s experiences and make possible new inventions of herself and also of the world and its plurality. These movements cross paths with education through conscious attention, improvisations emerging from agencies in becoming, processes of inventive cognition and ludo-sensitive pedagogy go through these movements. The thesis also brings some results on the reverberation of the studies, reflections and creations developed during the web thesis when taken to the didactic-pedagogical construction of three curricular components of the Architecture and Urbanism course of the Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora: Fundamentals of Architecture and Urbanism, History and Theory in Architecture and Urbanism 7 and Architecture and Urbanism Project 7.

Assuming that the Cultural Heritage belongs to all people, residents, tourists, and visitors in general, it is understood that, to guarantee its appropriation with safety, comfort, and autonomy, the space needs to be accessible. Spatial accessibility comprises four dimensions: displacement, use, communication, and spatial orientation, contemplated from the formal characteristics of architecture and the urban environment and different formats and types of signage. Given the difficulty of adapting historic areas to accessibility, justified by physical characteristics or legal restrictions, it is recommended to implement Accessible Routes – continuous, unobstructed, and signposted paths – that connect open spaces and buildings. In this sense, the thesis deals with the importance of installing accessible urban signage in urban historical sites, considering the population's deficiencies and abilities, local specificities, and the referential elements of the landscape. To verify the relationship between the urban context and the existing urban signage on accessible routes implemented in historic sites, the experiences of Olinda and Salvador were analyzed. The research methodology included a bibliographic survey, documental survey, field research, and analysis of results. In the field, exploratory visits were carried out to recognize the routes, map the signs and referential elements of the landscape, survey, and characterization of the existing signs. After tabulating and analyzing the results, the insufficiency of signs and maps, the degradation and lack of maintenance of the existing signage, and the lack of integration between the urban context and implemented resources for guidance were inferred.

Analyzing the issue of housing, in the broadest sense of living, goes beyond access to housing units understood simply as shelter. Housing consists of a set of essential elements, assuming the existence of urban infrastructure, urban services, in addition to urban insertion and attributes for community life. Considering housing as a fundamental right, guaranteed by the Federal Constitution of 1988, and important in the socio-spatial composition of the city, free spaces and areas of common use, close to housing, have a relevant dimension for the wellbeing of its inhabitants and strengthening of the collective. In the last decade, more than four million new homes were built by the Minha Casa, Minha Vida (PMCMV) program in Brazil, without the free areas being the object of attention in the projects carried out, with strong criticisms about the urban insertion of these projects and also in the omission in the treatment of its areas of common use. In this sense, the present dissertation aims to carry out a qualitative analysis of urban insertion, free spaces and areas of common use in undertakings from two different types of PMCMV, called Enterprise and Urban Entity, in the light of federal, municipal and the PMCMV regulations. It seeks to evaluate how the creation of these spaces were standardized and addressed, in the different phases and modality of the Program, verifying whether the adopted norms directed towards the creation of places of housing with the necessary quality to live in community. For this purpose, the following projects are taken as a case study: Residencial Fazenda Grande 8B (Enterprise) and Condomínio das Mangueiras (Entity), located in Salvador, Bahia, both inserted in Track 1 and implemented in the 1st and 2nd Phase of the PMCMV. The methodology adopted in this dissertation is based on the use of three scales of analysis: Macro Scale: city; Meso scale: surroundings; and the Escala Micro: enterprise and its free spaces and common areas. The results achieved indicate that there was a lack of housing attribute offered with the implementation of the projects in the city of Salvador. Despite the consolidation of legislation that provides evidence of how to properly produce homes, these have not been entirely implemented in the implementation of developments in the city. In this context, it is urgent not only to critically analyze the Program and its regulations, because, “it is never too much to repeat that it is not for lack of plans or urban planning legislation that Brazilian cities grow in a predatory way” (MARICATO, 2000, p. 147). One should think about post-occupation programs that make urbanization more feasible for the residents of these developments that are already established in the city of Salvador.

This dissertation reflected on the Conjunto Residencial Salvador, which was produced in the
late 1940s by the Instituto de Aposentadoria e Pensões dos Industriários - IAPI in the capital
of Bahia. The analyzes that resulted in this work, were developed starting from the relation
of this housing with the different categories of "modernities" and the application of different
concepts of "minimal housing". Supported by methodological procedures that included
theoretical discussions, case studies and data analysis, we sought to achieve the purposes of
the research from the following steps: Identification of the dominant concepts and questions
of modernity (s) from Latin American publications, with the purpose of exposing some
categories of analysis of the research object; Reflections on the debates regarding the
minimum housing, mainly those related to the second International Congress of Modern
Architecture (CIAM) and the first Pan American Congresses of Architects (CPA), the possible
echoes of these debates in national territory in the beginning of the 20th century, marked
especially in the housing activities of IAPI, as well as those that took place in Bahia soils,
promoted mainly by Escritório do Plano de Urbanismo da cidade do Salvador (EPUCS);
Develop analyzes regarding the Conjunto Residencial Salvador (CRS), addressing from the
choice of the site, going through its architectural aspects that pointed to approaches with
certain concepts of minimum housing, as well as presenting possible relationships to other
complexes produced by IAPI, followed by explorations a respect for contemporary
appropriations and transformations; finally, the author's final reflections on the CRS,
supported by the theoretical bases related to contact.

This research investigates the relationship between the adaptation of Brazilian architectural heritage to a new museological use and the preservation of the cultural values of these goods. Twenty three interventions for the implementation of museums that have their own collection are analyzed, in the national territory, in headquarters originally built to house other uses and adapted to museological use since the 1990s, and legally and individually protected as a cultural asset. The identified impacts of adaptations to the pre-existing architecture are grouped into external impacts, highlighting situations of occasional changes, external extensions and construction of annexes; internal impacts, dealing with the covering of openings, changes in compartmentalization, changes in surface treatment and insertion of new elements, as well as the overlapping of architecture with expography; and the impacts on circulation flows, consisting either of occasional changes, or of more significant changes. The analysis of each impact is made in the light of four principles of critical-conservative restoration: the preservation of the image of the work, the minimum intervention, the distinctiveness and the unity of monument and environment. As a result, the impacts that most often hinder the preservation of the cultural values of our architectural heritage in adapting to new uses are highlighted, as well as positive strategies to reconcile the new demands with the pre-existence. Finally, the rigid and literal application of theoretical principles is under discussion when conceiving an intervention on architectural heritage, pointing out the need to interpret such principles, according to the conditions presented in each situation.

This dissertation aimed to analyze urban gardens in Salvador, located in the neighborhood Saramandaia, Pituba and Parque São Bartolomeu, exploring the relationships they may have with the concept of the right to the city, introduced by Lefebvre and the concept of sustainability, later introduced by Sachs. The specific objectives were: to observe the different types of urban gardens from international and national examples, in order to obtain a greater understanding of the object of study indicated in the present work; understand the complex and different purposes and ways of doing that involve the practice of vegetable gardens in the urban territory; and to analyze the socioeconomic and territorial-environmental aspects, in the three empirical excerpts, produced from the transversalities between the mentioned concepts, in the studied gardens. We consider it important to understand the realities experienced by farmers, contextualizing them in Salvador, where investments, projects and programs are applied differently in space, accentuating social, territorial, economic and environmental inequalities. The use and occupation of the land, as well as the availability of resources and public incentives, became starting points for the construction of the work, generating different appropriations of the activity and the urban space and different needs and demands of the groups involved, which caused aspects specific to the concepts used as a theoretical basis. The results showed that the practice of urban gardens in such a distinct social and economic territory has different purposes: while a practice of the low-income population, gardens live in urban and environmentally vulnerable territories, they become resistance, in conflict with the needs of others social actors or institutionally established uses, and as an “innovative” practice, carried out by the middle and upper classes, it is a model to be implemented, receiving incentives and visibility. It is reinforced that the process of exclusion and inequalities that exist throughout the territory of Salvador more than directly affects the environmental fragility of populations and the practice of sustainability, while a local model and the right to the city become important tools for the freedom of practices and inventions. of rights, in search of a more plural, just and democratic city.

Self-construction is a fact in Brazilian territory, a fact of oceanic dimensions. People self-build

their houses based on conditions that they lived, were imposed and/or chosen often without

the participation of an architect. The ways of doing and their processes are still poorly

understood and this incomprehension makes it harder to establish the urban architects’

knowledge more successfully, especially in technical assistance experiences. This thesis

considers that these self-construction processes are crossed by a ‘different logic of doing’,

since the life’s conditions are different in relation to the ones considered to form the logic

present in architectural ways of doing. It argues that self-construction is an open work within

its condition of economic scarcity. It seeks to demonstrate that self-construction is open to

multiple diagrams. Understanding diagrams as an exhibition of forces relations, a concept

developed by Giles Deleuse. The built reflection indicates a way to understand the process’

logic of those who self-builds. It is understood that forces, based on the consensus of

macropolitics, go through the individuals and/or the collective of individuals who self-build,

and the relations between these forces can be explained by multiple diagrams, because also

multiple are the forces that go through a condition of life. Eight self-built houses are updated

in two stages, first in 2006, during a technical assistance experience, and later in 2014, at the

time of the doctoral research, both trajectories done with the author’s self-construction. From

the crossing of the chosen Seeds with the delimited Field, it comes the Fruits. Three diagrams

that expose the forces’ densities and characterize the life’s conditions of the people in the

eight self-built houses are elaborated: an economic diagram, a soil/ground diagram and a

knowledge diagram. Reflecting about the association of these forces’ relations on the eight

self-built residences, three conceptual diagrams are pointed: Patience diagram, Frida diagram

and Dream diagram, which indicate processes of subjectivity, opening up self-construction

and the people conducting it for the study of micro-politics.

Key-words

This study starts from the current phenomenon of urbanization of coastal areas in a leisure society, ubiquitous throughout the Western World and important in Brazil in recent decades. Its beginnings in Salvador was investigated, based on the premise that they were distinct and convergent approaches, in the manner of a polyphony, with their own melodic lines. Therefore, the investigation begins with the identification of the activities that shaped Salvador's XIXth-century litoral. Then to understand how was the world of fishermen fundamental in supplying the city and in the occupation of the oceanic seashore, the seed of the future bathing use, and was the core of religious maritime celebrations and ballast. The next line of research is that of sensibilities. First, that of foreigners in their appreciation of the coastal environment through contemplation, scientific interest, choice as a place of residence and more active leisure, such as excursions and garden parties. In contrast, there was the sensibility of the luso-brazilians, asking if there was any kind of landscape appreciation, how it happened, what elements and what values it mobilized. And within the set of XIXth century leisure in Salvador, focusing on the free time and leisure of women of the middle and upper classes, and the mix of modern forms of entertainment with traditional ones. Next, we investigate the summer movement, the basis for modern vacancy in Salvador, and the particular character of popular festivals and their relationship with the sea, in pilgrimages and nautical processions, and how “spend the feasts” (“passar as festas”) was the previous form of vacancy in coastal areas. With special attention to the Itapagipe Peninsula, the main summer resort in the first half of the 19th century, where the festivities, especially in the weeks around the cult to Nosso Senhor do Bonfim, were crucial factors in urbanization. Noteworthy was the melody of the sea baths, recognizing the habits and skills of the indigenous and sea workers, inquiring whether there was a popular playful bath and identifying the therapeutic modern sea bath. And the presentation of the local medical discourse, with a certain delay when framing in its own theoretical body the experienced cases of natural sanatoriums, and the role of beriberi in the Itaparica vilegiature and traditional summer resorts. The research ends around 1860, outlining what these studied beginnings preceded and justified: a constellation of localities around the city, but with greater presence in those seaside areas, and their activities during the summer. Within this framework, the sea would appear as part of a spectrum of possible activities, enriching itself with the advent of modern sports.

The present study intents to show a view into the cultural heritage, from a rhizomatic perspective, pushing the concept of identity in this Field, related to territorial conflicts in Brazil. Therefore, the term “patrimoniology” refers to this other logic (logy) about cultural heritage, applying the rhizome principles developed by Deleuze and Guattari. These principles have also guided the structure of the thesis, turning it into a connectable map allowing thoughts to come in and out. Theoretical concepts about territoriality, race and ethnicity; those are also the conceptual foundations of the study of anthropology, especially the so-called “political anthropology”; decolonial contributions; notes about the concepts of memory, narration and history; the usage of models as ways to think and connect, and other lines of thought. All these theoretical structures merged into this “rhizome of affects” triggered by the following events: the preservation of “Terreiro Casa Branca”, in Salvador/BA, in the 1980s; the territorial expropriation in favor of the “Quilombo da Caçandoca”, in Ubatuba/SP, in 2006; and the resistance announcement made by the Guarani-Kaiowá, in 2012, against the intention to expel them out from their lands in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, in Brazil. The territorial identity connects these events and is present on the Brazilian Constitution of 1988, refering to the “groups who built the nation” and their territorial rights related to this condition. Therefore, this research is about black and indigenous territorialities, highlighting the political value of identity: identity formed by their struggle for territories. In this sense, when problematizing the controversial notion of identity versus plurality (rhizomatic thinking), the thesis sees difference as a direction in the perspective of the micropolitics of subjectivations, though it validates the identity as tactic of resistance (or existence) under the existing macropolitics. Also, it highlights the resulting issues and human agendas brought up, emphasizing the power of creation by leaving any loose ends able to connect with other subjectivities. And then, it invites to other montages and maps. “It is necessary to resist, by creating!”

Considering the recent production by the Minha Casa Minha Vida Program (PMCMV), this dissertation aims to analyze the production of social housing in legally protected areas and with environmental problems, as well as urban-environmental conflicts that may arise and mobilizations of the main actors involved. For this purpose, the Residencial Coração de Maria and its surroundings were defined as a study case, as this property has been built in the domain area of the Environmental Protection Area (APA) Joanes / Ipitanga and near the dam Ipitanga II. In addition, in the surroundings are installed quarries, the Metropolitan Center Landfill (AMC), and a company of slaughter of animals and manufacture of bone ration. In order to reach the objective, a review of the PMCMV evaluations and urban insertion of its enterprises has been carried out, emphasizing its implementation in the city of Salvador. In this context, the Brazilian urbanization process was contextualized and the socio-spatial segregation and the environmental degradation promoted by it were analyzed. In order to evaluate the environmental consequences of the implantation and occupation of this enterprise, the concept of urban environmental impact was debated. On the other hand, we discussed the environmental issue, the sustainability paradigm and the notion of environmental justice, in this way it was reflected on the conditions imposed by the surroundings of the enterprise to its residents. Moreover, the urban and environmental dimensions of social conflicts were questioned, and the notion of urban-environmental conflicts was identified, in order to recognize the emergence of conflicts both due to the implementation and occupation of the Residencial Coração de Maria. The methodological course carried out included secondary data collection, with the purpose of both particularizing PMCMV production in Brazil and in Salvador as well as characterizing the surroundings and the Residencial Coração de Maria; documentary survey, including the Civil Investigation Notices 003.0.92269 / 2013 of the Public Prosecutor's Office of Bahia, which had the purpose of ascertaining the possible violation of the urban and environmental order due to the implementation of the Residencial Coração de Maria; interviews with residents of the enterprise, involved organ technicians and social movement; field visits and direct observation.

The present study aims to understand how rainwater management is inserted in the process of urbanization of Teresina, capital of Piauí. This purpose is justified by the physical and climatic characteristics of the City. Teresina, is located in the watersheds of Diffuse of the Middle Parnaíba and the Poti River, and therefore, it has streams, tributaries of the main river basins, and natural lagoons, located in the larger beds of these rivers. As a result of the urbanization process experienced by the capital of Piauí, many streams and lagoons were landed, which has contributed to the aggravation of problems related to urban drainage, such as river floods, floods, landslides and gullies. The development of the present study occurred through an empirical research of qualitative character, focused on the relations that the process of urbanization established with the management of rainwater. In order to study these relationships it was necessary to analyze the agents that produce urban space, demarcating the main interventions that impacted the urban fabric created and how this fabric relates to the water bodies existing in the territory. The study found that the process of urbanization of the City, since its foundation, has occurred denying the natural characteristics of the territory, in which it is inserted. Therefore, it becomes evident the need for a change of approach, starting with municipal legislation, which due to the contradictions between its regulations has allowed inappropriate actions of certain producers agents. It should be emphasized that this change in approach to rainwater management should not be restricted to just a legal change, it is necessary to encourage the construction of a new view of all the agents that produce urban space in relation to urban waters.

Over the time, cities have had different types of settlements; in some cases, they had to transform themselves to adapt to changes, however others remained the same. There is an urban typology that has been little studied and to some extent stigmatized, which will be called “stilt urbanization”. These urbanizations built by palafitas are located on liquid surfaces (sea, river, lagoon) but close to the shore, they can develop on both environments. In the last two decades the attention given to these communities grew, this may be due to resettlement projects, which were generally imposed by the public power, have been associated with fragmentation and violence. This document tries to analyze why these resettlement and sanitation projects have failed, based on the study of “el barrio de Belén”, and the three terms concept of Lefebvre' space (lived, conceived and perceived). Furthermore, it is sought to deepen on the characteristics of these cities and how they could influence in future projection. This investigation is divided in 5 sessions: the first, the introductory will explain the object of the study, the objectives, and the theoretical and methodological framework. The second session called "the production of the amphibious space", will be about the emergence of these cities throughout history, that will help us to compare in the other sessions. The third session, "Current stilt urbanization" will  some these urbanizations that are different because of their conservation or resettlement. The fourth session will analyze the case of el “Barrio de Belén” and the projects of sanitation and resettlement developed from 2012 to the present. Finally, the final considerations will show that the solutions proposed by the government only increased the social and urban problems.

The aim of this research is to establish technical methodologies combined with sensitive experiences regarding the work of art by digital documentation of sculptures belonging to the Artistic Heritage. The goal of this work was to develop low-cost documentation methods based on the use of automated photorestitution processes using the Dense Stereo Matching - DSM technique to generate high quality sculptural geometric models. To achieve this objective, the various areas pertaining to the documentation of sculptures by image were studied, as well as the study of the work under various aspects pertaining to the discipline of History of Arte and the Science of Art. From this theoretical and technical basis, experimental procedures were performed with the DSM tools in order to obtain point clouds and their derived products by minimal technical resources. It was possible to recognize the potential of studies about works of art when combined with data acquisition planning, allowing the proposition of inter and transdisciplinary work methods for the generation of products with high formal complexity and with different levels of detail. This work aims, above all, to demystify the generation of models as a form of representation distant from the brazilian museological reality. Although technical and human resources with a certain degree of technical specificity are still required, it is possible to adopt low cost methodologies and equipment to enter the documentation by geometric models in order to promote various resources in conservation, restoration, education and mediation in safeguarding of the Artistic and Cultural Heritage.

This dissertation presents a brief contextualization of how “Pixadores” and Graffiti artists, through their action in the city, appropriate urban space, changing the city landscape and resignifying spaces. Thus, tooutline the content, we used a qualitative methodology, established through participant observation in the field, semi-structured interviews with key actors involved in the process of participation and urban design and analysis of reports from 2013 to 2019. According to the results of the research, there is an increase in the number of existing works on the urban wallsand furniture of Rio Vermelho, much more frequent than before the revitalization inaugurated in 2016, so it is a differentiated form of work. think the democratization of the public space, with possible consequences in the urban layout. Thus, we weave a narrative presented in the third chapter of this dissertation, whichaims to point out the main aspects that cross both the activity of pixação (graphite) as the eventual failures in the planning of the new edge. This contextal lowedus to verify how young people form groups and reinforce identities, appropriating the urban space, breaking the laws, through a remarkable practice to the citizens, taking as perspective the street culture, social segregation and the distinction between the public space and the public. private. There fore, issues that crossall the narratives  that are of interest to the critique of urban planning applied in the “revitalization” of the neighborhood edge were addressed.

This study aimed to analyze the experience of the Historical Cities Program (PCH) and its developments in the Historic Center of Salvador from 1973 to 1990. Linked to the project for national development implemented by the Federal Government during the 1970s, the PCH was the first program implemented in the country as part of a public policy aimed at the preservation of cultural heritage. Its realization was the result of a unique combination of economic, political and administrative factors, which found in Bahia and, especially, in Salvador, a fertile ground for its implementation, both as regards the institutional aspect, the fruitful articulation with the Government of State through the Bahia Foundation of Artistic and Cultural Heritage (FPAC/Ba), as the challenge of recovering the historical center of the first art city in Brazil, which presented a complex picture of physical, economic and social degradation. Our analysis therefore seeks to understand the particularities of this experience in the Historic Center of Salvador, taking into account its historical context, its execution, results, legacies and deficiencies. In this sense, the present study was conducted through documentary analysis of primary and secondary sources; bibliographic review of correlated studies already carried out and other publications available in the field of public policies for the preservation of the cultural heritage/patrimony and, in a complementary way, of other areas of knowledge such as economics, geography and sociology; and conducting interviews with witnesses and actors at the time of the implementation of the project , in an attempt to deepen specific issues, such as the economic context of the military regime and the social aspects of the historic center, the relationship of the local population with the FPAC/Ba and aspects related to the program itself. Moreover, considering the PCH as a result of a Federal Government public policy, we sought to articulate these various issues with the field of political science, specifically the analysis of public policies, through the adoption of concepts and specific analytical models. As for conclusions, it was possible to verify that the experience of the PCH in Salvador presented very particular characteristics in relation to other cities across the country, and Bahia assumed the role of one of the protagonist states of the Program. Among the possible reasons for that, the study pointed out to (a) the fact that Bahia houses one of the richest cultural collections in Brazil, (b) the effective interest of the governors in addressing the problem of the CHS (c) the performance of immediate managers and specialists, and (d) the amount of funds raised and invested in the area. Despite the undeniable advances provided by the PCH, it has proved to be insufficient to face the complex economic and social reality of the area, reinforcing the thesis that the solution for the recovery of central urban areas, especially of degraded historical clusters, necessarily involves planning integrated into the urban context that surrounds it, in its various spheres, whether economic, social or political.

This research aims to describe the recent actions on the Paulista Avenue space through three layers: the Open Streets Program, the activist collectives actions and the protests. We seek to investigate what has happened in the avenue’s space; the activities entailed by those agents have been part of the street and crossed the public policies designed for such; and which subjects have been evidenced in this process. Some main notions will permeate the research, helping us to understand the street as a space that is beyond its constructive materiality, but pervaded by social relations: the concept “state of the street” (SCHVARSBERG, 2011), showing us a use of the street that is unstable, with its own dynamics, which configure, all the time, other ways of “making a city” (AGIER, 2011), and stresses the planned and the programmed; the notion of “occupation” that, seeking for visibility through momentary stability, would operate in a “political act” for the “right to be there” (AGIER, 2015), reinforcing the disputes, dissents and misunderstandings inherent at the space of the street; and the notion of “politics” on different scales, that is presented “from the street”, “to the street” and “on the street”, supporting the realization of a political action on a micro scale, banal and ordinary; and on a macro scale, in which the attempt of consensualization would seek the erasure of that ordinary practices; and perhaps on an even more exacerbated scale, in which the effervescence of the protests reaches a political shaking of gigantic proportions.

Hydraulic tiles are cement-based coatings, notable for their high wear resistance and diverse decorative patterns. Commonly used between the 19th and 20th centuries, they were crafted by hand, but using techniques that were considered innovative at the time. The making of said tiles was made possible due to the invention of Portland cement, whose use in the making of concrete enabled the construction of buildings with then novel characteristics – both in terms of structure and of shape – as well as made possible the invention of entirely new building materials, many of which used in the decoration and finishing of structures. As hydraulic tiles adorn several buildings with historical, architectural and cultural value in Salvador, this study seeks to help preserve and value techniques used to manufacture them, as well as providing means for their conservation and eventual restoration. Our work consists of the following: i) a review of the literature on hydraulic tiles; ii) field research and photographic record of hydraulic tiles found in several historical buildings of Salvador; iii) a laboratorial analysis. Based on the collected data, the technical and historical aspects related to cementitious parts are presented; we also categorize the photographed tiles according to: the chronological order of buildings within which they were found, the pathologies identified during the research and the results of studies conducted in the laboratory on the material. The studies that have been done so far indicate that hydraulic tiles were produced and sold in several neighborhoods of Salvador, and that such coatings are found in the walls or ceilings of many households within the Historical Center of Salvador and its surroundings. As for the hydraulic tiles collection, specimens from various periods remain, covering horizontal and vertical plans of the buildings that integrate the landscape of the historical center of the capital of Bahia and its surroundings. We hope that our study highlights the artistic and cultural value of hydraulic tiles to the history of Salvador, and contributes to their preservation and appreciation. 

How did the characteristic social conflicts of the First Brazilian Republic (1889-1930) and contemporary Bahian politics interfere in the production, appropriation and use of urban space in the soteropolitan urban district of Brotas? What was Brotas' part in Salvador's urban decentralization process during the First Republic, which marked Salvador's urban development throughout the twentieth century? This survey answers these questions, albeit tentatively, based on a broad repertoire of sources, including the totality of license applications for building, extension and renovation works in the district, guarded by the Salvador Municipal Historical Archive. During the First Republic, the process of fragmentation of ownership of farms, mills and other large estates of Brotas was completed, giving rise to many of the territorial identities that today mark this area of Salvador. This process has been marked by the proliferation, in areas well demarcated by specific geographic features, of “workers' houses”, irregular allotments and “balneary towns”; by the quiet permanence of former squatters and small landlords, often recently freed slaves or their descendants, in parallel to the struggle of liberal professionals, small merchants and small- and medium-rank civil servants for the installation of urban infrastructures near their homes. The urbanistic interventions promoted by the Bahian governor José Joaquim Seabra, for which the soteropolitan urbanization during the First Republic is better known, interfered only tangentially in the urban development of Brotas, especially because they were a strong cause of intraurban and interdistrict migrations, based on the low land value and proximity to industrial, commercial and port jobs facilitated by tram lines. It is hoped, with this research, that it was possible to explain why conflicts and social struggles for the production, appropriation and use of urban space in the First Republic contributed to make Brotas what it is today - purposedly, not “spontaneously”.

This conversation privileges the margins - this interstice, sometimes a place of meetings, sometimes a place of tensions - that leads to thinking about Salvador, a black city, and its unauthorized writings, which fill walls and surfaces despite the laws. It starts with a dialogue between urban marginal writings and the Right to the City, understood here as the daily making of the streets, a horizon of emancipation and ways of existing. It faces the conflicts based on the invention of (i)legalities for control and homogenization of urban spaces. Therefore, there's an interest to investigate how power structures, more precisely the urban-legal system, operate processes of marginalization and invisibility of outlaw expressions, persecution and erasure read as a face for necropolitics and the ongoing epistemicide. As a methodological support, it is guided by the cartography incorporated in the "Rolês", which starts from the analysis of the Flagrant Occurrences of graffiti, made by the Police and the Municipal Guard, and goes towards the walls, observing and provoking the multiple narratives of the streets, accessing different layers of perception of the city. In a constant state of crossing, it also bets on the experience of listening and memory, for the construction of mediative imaginary, glimpsing possible spaces for negotiation in socio-spatial disputes for visibility and participation in urban life.

Fear is a recurrent issue in the daily lives of Brazilians, experienced in practice, in the urban imagination, in the media and in the discourse of political authorities. In Salvador, the fear of urban violence stands out. The configuration of the territory can be seen in prime areas with closed condominiums equipped with quality infrastructure and shopping malls, considered as the safe spaces of the city and, on the other hand, have the favelas and the outskirts interpreted as spaces of fear. Given this conjuncture, urban fear was investigated in a filmographic framework, studying in this powerful instrument of social control and the repercussions in the urban space of Salvador. In this sense, the initial analyzes were made through bibliographical research about fear and the production of subjectivity, articulating how the production of subjectivity can explain fear as a powerful instrument of social control. In this logic, fear becomes a mechanism that induces and justifies authoritarian policies directed to a specific portion of Brazilian society: poor, black people and / or peripheral neighborhoods. But despite this scenario, contrary manifestations are possible. The object of study of analysis reveals resistance and survival practices against the hegemonic urban model. Thus, it is always possible to resist the present, to become singular, other perceptions of the world can be created in everyday practices, even slowly.

This research presents and discusses the results achieved in two classes of the subject Architecture, Urbanism and Landscaping Project of the Architecture and Urbanism Undergraduate Course of the Faculty of Architecture of the Federal University of Bahia, in the year 2016, in the discipline ARQ016 - Ateliê I, and in 2017, in disciplines ARQ016 - Ateliê I and ARQ024 - Ateliê II, taught jointly, constituting the so-called "Integrated Digital Ateliê". These subjects are annual and taught respectively for students of the first and second years of the day course. The pedagogical proposal adopted, based on the assumption that the teaching of architectural design in the digital environment can be advantageous since the initial series and in this case, the offer of both disciplines prioritized with methodological approach the use of the digital environment as the main resource for the development of including the presentation of projects. During the two years, the disciplines had as pedagogical routine the reduced number of expository classes for the presentation of contents, the accomplishment of several design exercises, with gradual increase of complexity. In addition, the design and development of architectural representation was based on the construction of geometric models. The presentation and discussion of the projects through seminars and collective advice consolidated the sharing of information and the maturity of students. The activities were developed in the Laboratory of Advanced Studies in Cities, Architecture and Digital Technologies (LCAD), Faculty of Architecture of UFBA. SketchUp was the main design tool, aligning Rhinoceros and Grasshopper as additional features specific to modeling complex shapes. For the initial development of the activities in the two disciplines, a specific workshop was offered for the learning of SketchUp and in the recess between the academic semesters was offered the workshop of Rhinoceros and Grasshopper, with the objective of exploring new resources and methods for the projection. In addition to the digital resources, several activities were offered to enrich and organize the information during the project. In addition, the sketch was explored for the development of student expression. As a result, it was verified that the use of the computer enhanced the projection, making the majority of the time of the disciplines dedicated to the resolution of the architectural problem, and not to the graphical representation, as it usually happens, favoring the teaching and learning of the process of project. At the end of the activities carried out at Ateliê I in 2016 and at Ateliê Digital Integrado in 2017, students demonstrated maturity and autonomy in design, with well-founded and well-developed proposals, and with technical representation compatible with their requirements Ateliê I (preliminary study) and Ateliê II (preliminary design), without any damage to the exploration of form or creativity. The research also brings aspects of architectural design, such as questions describing the process, through analysis, synthesis and evaluation, the constraints that delimit the design, some methods of design used by the architects and the creation of the architectural party. Contemplating still a brief evolution of the use of the computer in the design and presents questions pertinent to the teaching of the architectural design.

The present study seeks to analyze the urban and metropolitan space of the four main metropolitan regions of the Brazilian Northeast from the Spatial Justice Index. This research have as general objective to identify patterns that indicate differences and similarities in the intrametropolitan spaces of RM Salvador, Recife, Fortaleza and Natal, places of population, economic and social importance for the Northeast Region. To identify the presence of Space (In) Justice, spatialized the different elements of the urban structure, such as infrastructure, digital services, public equipment, intra-metropolitan mobility and the physical conditions of the public places. Succinctly, the results obtained allow us to infer that the areas of study are marked by a strong process of Space Injustice. A significant proportion of its inhabitants make up the areas identified as those that suffer from the irregular presence of services, equipment and urban infrastructure. Space Justice, at the same time, is restricted to a select group of areas that are occupied by the traditional strata of society and which have a structure that does not exist in the needy areas. It was also identified that the more distant a Área de Expansão Demográfica (AED) or Municipality was from the metropolitan seat, the greater the chance that it registered lower indicators and indexes in relation to AED central to the RM Nucleus or the surrounding municipalities. Therefore, such situations were responsible for revealing the existence of socio-spatial patterns in the composition of urban space, and the Spatial Justice Index is a relevant tool for the analysis of the social, spatial and economic conditions of society.

Issues related to housing problem and the teaching of architecture and urbanism have been a current topic of debate among professionals in the area since 1930, when the first congresses were held in Brazil. In these events, the congressmen highlighted the importance of greater involvement of architects and urbanists with housing production directed to the low-income population and, contradictorily, showed the desire to maintain an essentially artistic teaching, focused on the appreciation of the works of great architectural compositions. This view has been the object of denunciation and contestation over the years in academia. On the one hand, the controversies revolve around the argument that the teaching of architecture and urbanism, still based on archaic molds, has not prioritized the theme of Housing of Social Interest (HSI) in the professional training of architects and city planners. On the other hand, on the thesis that the generalist profile of the architecture and urbanism courses does not include the explicitness of specific subjects as essential, especially in the subjects which deal with architectural project. All this problematization finds its place of origin in the official national curricula of architecture and urbanism courses, which have legitimized consensus discourses and hegemonic practices in the area. Therefore, the general objective of this thesis is to investigate how the theme of HSI was approached in the official national curricula of the architecture and urbanism courses, instituted between 1962 and 2010. To this end, a qualitative documentary analysis was developed, based on the critical perspective of curriculum, more precisely, from the relational analysis, which considered the historical, political, economic and social context of the country from 1930 to 2018, taking three axes as starting points: 1) housing production directed to the low income population; 2) professional and academic events on the housing problem and the teaching of architecture and urbanism; 3) the teaching of architecture and urbanism. Research has shown that the process of constituting the official national curricula of architecture and urbanism courses has been hegemonically grounded in traditional curriculum practices which reproduce a culture of knowledge selection that tends to depoliticize and turn issues related to Housing of Social Interest into supposedly neutral rather than priority problems. As a result, these issues have ended up being allocated primarily to research and extension activities, while in architecture and urbanism teaching they have occupied a secondary or even smaller place, especially in the courses offered by Federal Universities, since most institutions do not legitimize the theme of HSI as mandatory activities. Of the 32 federal courses analyzed, only 7 establish an explicit commitment to the problem of HSI, inserting it as a priority and mandatory knowledge, especially in activities related to architectural project.

With the backdrop of the disclosure of the Brazilian urban crisis, stemming from the 2013 mobilizations, this thesis aims to show what we have done - or, rather, what we have not done and continue not to do - to ensure effective movement of people in big cities. What are the impacts of these measures on the reproduction of inequalities that characterize Brazil to such a great extent and are also now spread across the planet? In what way does socio-spatial segregation, also generated by elitist urban mobility policies, lead to the creation of sprawling and fragmented cities, in which – according to the lines of Milton Santos' study Two Circuits of Urban Economy - there is a contrast between the city of the rich and middle classes and the city of the working classes? And to what extent is this segregation responsible for the non-fulfilment of the Right to the City, as outlined by Henri Lefebvre? Our aim is to show the strength of the relationship between urban mobility and socio-spatial segregation and the extent to which this relationship has been relegated to the background even by progressive governments here and elsewhere, and how it is finally now being tackled via proposals for free public transport, also known as zero-tariff, with the relationship definitively introjected in the spirit of urban planners, intellectuals, and Brazilian social movements, even those rejecting it. We take as our starting point the first project proposed in Brazil, introduced by Luiza Erundina during her time in São Paulo city hall at the start of the 1990s. We then look at Brazilian experiences currently in force and the proposal of the Movimento Passe Livre [Free Pass Movement] – MPL. We analyze the institutional and political factors limiting the zero-tariff proposal from being finally applied throughout Brazil. We then look at the French experience, which demonstrates a clash between initiatives focused on social factors (tackling segregation and inequality), economic factors (defending the technical efficiency of the transport system) and ecological factors (with the objective of getting rid of cars), probably anticipating a debate which will continue to expand, together with the proposal of making public transport free of charge. Finally, we discuss the zero-tariff proposal in the plural.

This thesis studies the history of the Society of Jesus in Piaui. The temporal arc begins in the year 1711, when the Jesuits of the Bahia College were inherited from a chapel made up of cattle ranches in southeastern Piaui and, as a result, decided to settle there. The Order remained resident in the region until 1760, when it was expelled from all over the Portuguese kingdom and, consequently, from Piaui. This 50-year interval is analyzed through historical research that sought, through document analysis, to know the experience of Jesuit priests in the Piauí hinterlands. It was found that the Jesuits, upon arriving there, continued with the praxis of catechesis, an activity that they already performed even before they settled there. During the period in which they lived in the region they did not build colleges or churches, as they did in nearby captaincies, their main interest was in the management of farms and the sale of cattle. As a result, they maintained a resident priest as administrator of the company’s assets in the region, who was periodically replaced. The houses of residence, erected to assist in the administration of the properties, were simple buildings, built without intention of permanence, making use of the materials found in the own sites. As stewards, they managed to increase the number of farms and inherited animals. The successful phase of Jesuits as farmers was only interrupted with the expulsion of the Order in Brazil, which took place in Piauí in 1760.

Complex buildings cause a great urban impact in the contemporary metropolises, especially in the themes related to urban fabric, accessibility, locomotion, traffic, transportation and land use management in their immediate surroundings. The purpose of this research is to study the city, verifying the main transformations occurring from the insertion of the hospitals, using as a case study health units in Salvador, Bahia. For this interpretation, the morphological, technical and technological issues were emphasized. The main objective of the research was to analyze the urban impact caused by complex buildings, which are buildings with multiple functions and produce urban environmental impact. The rationale for this proposal is related to the increasing demands of investments in the infrastructure of cities, particularly in Health Care Facilities, to supply the constant increase in the number of hospital beds and the expansion of the biomedical equipment portfolio. The research is experimental and uses the case study of Hospital São Rafael (HSR). This enterprise is classified by sanitary legislation as being of special size, since it has more than three hundred beds and assists the health services of medium and high complexity. The methodology adopted for this proposal had the systemic approach, in which the survey of qualitative issues and quantitative issues was carried out through the collection of data, with its subsequent interpretation. In order to make possible the survey, digital tools were used to contribute to the urban analysis of complex buildings, helping in the elaboration of thematic maps. As results of the research, the impacts of the HSR on the urban network of São Rafael were obtained, considering the analyzes of its local dimensions, of the neighborhood and for Salvador.

The advance of technologies and the change of thought of society as a whole transformed the world drastically between the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. These changes were reflected in several branches of thought, in society in general and in the arts. With regard to the architecture produced at the end of the 19th century and especially during the 20th century, the improvement of construction techniques and building materials allowed for a plastic daring that was unfeasible in earlier times.

From the second half of the twentieth century, especially since the 1980s, there is a greater need to study and debate the restoration of 20th century monuments, especially so-called modern architecture. Through these discussions and the practical activity of restoration, we verified the existence of peculiarities that need to be addressed, either by the current theories of restoration, or by new theories and principles to be elaborated.

In the last two centuries, there have been numerous debates and discussions about restoration theories. Despite the opposition of ideas between the different strands, there is a common goal: the valorization and conservation of the built heritage. In this way, it is of fundamental importance that the restorer is able to exercise critical judgment on the least damaging and respectful way of intervening, establishing his priorities according to the peculiarities of each object and the resources available for intervention. This dissertation addresses some recent interventions in significant examples of modern architecture, verifying and analyzing some concepts, approaches and challenges inherent to these interventions.

It is therefore sought to understand the concepts of contemporary theories of conservation and restoration and their application and compatibility with the interventions of modern architecture, considering their peculiarities, approaches and challenges, and verifying how these challenges are solved by professionals of restoration in the case studies.

This dissertation aimed to analyze the policies of insertion and promotion of tourism in the city of Salvador between the years 1930 and 1945, its bending in the transformations of some urban spaces and in the way that the elites and the State come to deal with them. In the face of the growing disenchantment of the Western elites with their model of progress and culture, in the face of the conflicts and crises that shook Europe, in the face of the development of the transport industry and communications interested in spreading leisure and displacement, Western elites, trying to escape from their reality considered decadent, sought other picturesque tourist routes, exotic, pre-industrial or in the process of industrialization, to satisfy their yearnings for rest, leisure and pleasure. Parallel to this, a mass tourism was developed, interested in providing the subaltern classes, of leisure and rests with the purpose of inserting them in the dynamics of the consumption, to contain their desires of rupture of their condition of exploited, and to recover them for healthy return to work. Without losing sight, mass tourism, which gained ground, Salvador and Brazil entered the route of elite tourism at that time. The activity was then perceived as capable of meeting a range of interests (political, economic and cultural) of the State – then increasingly central, strong and authoritarian – and national economic elites, who became agents of insertion and promotion of activity in the country and in the city. It was therefore intended of highlight the interests of these agents with tourism, to analyze the power relations (conflicting or harmonious, convergent or divergent) between these agents, their consequent unfolding in tourism policies and their repercussions on the urban transformations of Salvador. To this end, discourses of the time, of various natures, issued by these agents, on tourism, mainly (but not only) disseminated through mass media (radio, cinema, newspapers, magazines, books of great circulation) power terminals, through laws and decrees were used as main sources. It was possible to conclude that in Salvador, despite conflicting relations between the State and the local urban elite, tourism and its demands, from the 1930s and 1940s increasingly influenced the conformation of the city space and the transformations undertaken in that same space, because it was understood that such activity had the potential to indicate a solution to local economic decay. In the face of tourists’ interest in cultures in pre-industrial context, the discourses they promoted in Salvador, the aspects of popular culture, the built past, and the seaside beauties became hegemonic, something unheard of from what happened in other national tourist destinations. From then and increasingly, these aspects would be appropriate for the promotion of tourism by the agents of development.

The international transit of principles and practices of urban policy is the main theme of this thesis, developed through the critical thinking on the processes of dispute over hegemony for a political project whose nucleus is the defense of the right to the city. That project is based on ethical-political principles built in the struggles for urban reform which was begun in the 1960s and strengthened in the course of democratic transition in Brazil, especially when the 1988 Federal Constitution was promulgated. Incorporated into the Brazilian Law with the approval of the Law 10,257/2001 – City Statute – and Provisional Measure 2,220/2001, the right to the city guides the agenda of organizations and movements gathered in the National Forum of Urban Reform and of other social agents connected to the urban agenda. Since the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (Eco 92), the National Forum of Urban Reform has played a leading part in articulating with international entities and networks to expand the struggles for the right to the city. The international forums and United Nations (UN) programs and agencies have become arenas to forward the principles and propositions brought in the 2005 World Charter for the Right to the City, a reference document for ethical-political and programmatic alignment, and articulations have occurred through the Global Platform for the Right to the City since 2014. Militancy in the international setting becomes part of the National Forum of Urban Reform agenda, not always composing processes related to the dynamics and guidelines of its domestic agenda. These interactions and the processes involved in the transit of urban policy principles and practices are observed from the Brazilian experience and its expansion in the international sphere. On theoretical and methodological grounds, it is at the confluence of the right to the city, under discussion from Lefebvre’s founding formulations, and the production of hegemony referred by Gramsci, that the plots linking different actors, agencies, ideas and practices are problematized. The connections and routes between urban policy principles and practices elaborated in Brazil and in the international sphere are discussed here, supported by documentary research and testimonies of social agents mobilized by the right to the city. The results point out to the enunciation of the right to the city as a political project in Brazil which is in constant development - with solidified principles and political actions combined by the movements of the political forces in act - and central in the larger project of extending democracy as opposed to the political, social and territorial effects of the neoliberal project. They also bring evidence of the urban policy prominence, of the leading role of Brazilian social agents in the international debates in this field and of the praxis relevance in this sphere to strengthen the political ideas of the right to the city as the public dimension and expression of democracy in the city. Right to the city: neither law, nor thing.

The case-study thesis aims to provide subsidies for the legibility of water sources and
fountains, remnants of the former public water supply network of Salvador da Bahia,
built between the 16th and 20th centuries, as a protocolary step for its preservation. A
total of 22 equipments, 15 water sources and 7 public fountains were selected. The
hydraulic units were contextualized to the urban development. The approach to the
fields of art, language and restoration made it possible to characterize them
axiologically, by historicity, function and form, enhancing their reading as a
monumental architectural ensemble. The study was carried out by authors of
historiography, the analysis of documents from the Public Archive of the State of Bahia
(APEB), the Municipal Historical Archive of Salvador (AHMS) and the Fallas of
Presidents of the Province, cartographic and photographic iconography, and the
consultation of journals and academic publications related to the water supply. In
addition, it was used geography, hydrology, and the study of urban form and language.
Field research grounded the diagnosis and revealed its current physical and use
conditions as well as its visibility in the landscape. Six sections make up the structure
of the thesis, the first being the introduction. In the second section, preliminary
methodological considerations were made based on the evolution of the field of
architectural restoration. In the following sections, Salvador's water sources and
fountains are placed in three frames: the first, historical, urban and patrimonial. The
second, environmental, structural and formal. Finally, in the third framework, material
and cognitive, legibility is discussed as a means for the preservation of such
equipment. Final considerations, references, attachments and appendices complete
the text. The research revealed the heterogeneous state of conservation of the
selected equipments, a fact that was associated with their dispersion in urban zoning.
The aim of this study was to contribute to the preservation of historical water sources
and fountains in Salvador, giving them greater legibility and cohesion, based on their
interpretation as a language of spatial organization.

The thesis '‘Bahianidade’ English Style or Bahia Architecture ‘just for the English to
see’? English Resonances in the Suburban Residential Architecture in Salvador
Bahia (1850-1948)’, deals with the research on the effects of British influence on the
residential architecture of the suburbs of Salvador – Vitória, Itapagipe, Ribeira and
Penha and, parallel to the public and institutional architecture, as a scenario of his
time – as a result of the progressive imperialism applied by the English over Brazil
since the transfer of the Portuguese royal family to Brazil and the Opening of the
Ports, in 1808, what resulted in the treaties between Portugal and England from 1810
to the post-World War II period. It is observed that the strong influence exerted by
England, with reasons justified by trade, was structured in the axes of political,
economic and cultural influence, resulting in a change of constructive typology and
assumption of new architectural styles adverse to those traditional Luso-Brazilians. In
this way, this theses try to answer whether local architecture would change under the
same influences how this would change, and how would we define such changes in
the city, as something of a facade, or culturally absorbed by the Soteropolitan
architecture. Therefore, five blocks of analysis are considered on the result of this
wide preeminence exerted by the English in the residential architecture
soteropolitana from the historiográfica approach; the first block, resulting from
Influences guaranteed by law, as was the case of the abolition of kneecaps in
privilege of the use of glass and metal gradients - products of commercial interest of
the English; the second is made up of the influences from the technical environment,
propitiated by the refutation of technical actions imported into Brazil; the third, is
generated by the influence of the Iron Architecture, which was so much spread by the
industrial reality of Europe, especially by the pioneering of England; the fourth block
considers the analysis of the new typologies of inhabiting introduced in Brazil,
compared with those practiced in Great Britain; and the fifth and final block, which is
based on the cultural influence exerted by the new styles and new artistic and
architectural possibilities based on Romanticism, as a British literary movement, and
on new models of behavior.

From the transcription of the videos: Fort Acquario (DIÓGENES, 2016, Dur. 7’), Visita da Ralquel Rolnik no Poço da Draga – Parte I (CCDS; IDA 2012, Dur. 13’), Proibido Pular (COELHO, 2012, Dur. 3’) e Felipe Marinho | Praia dos Crush | Reportagem (FREIRE; MARINHO, 2017, Dur. 4’), it is perceived how discourses (governamental, academic, militant, nature) dispute and contribute to the production of the space of Praia de Iracema as an open database that structures the urban experience and reconfigures ethically and aesthetically the urban and narrative componentes. The work starts from the notion of database (MANOVICH, 2015) as a mean to analyze the spatial production (LEFEBVRE, 2006) of the city as a process with no beggining, ending, or any linear development that could organize its urban and narrative components in an ordered or hierarchical sequence. To demonstrate how this city database operates, this paper analyzes the discourses present in four audiovisual pieces (videos) produced about the Praia de Iraecma, a shoreline space located in Fortaleza-Ceará, through an approach similar to the Foucauldian archaeological analysis,. The work examines the agency (DELEUZE; GUATTARI, 1995, vol. 1) of the Acquario Ceara area, an enterprise under construction since 2012, that has as political and economic argument of patriarchal basis (MATURANA, 2009) the urbanistic transformation of Fortaleza into a touristic attraction of global interest. Thus, the analysis reveals that these discourses are contained on the dispute of the spatial production of the agency of the Acquario Ceará, but the narrative component Nature is targeted by repeated attempts at silencing from the patriarchal production (MATURANA, 2009) in which western civilization is inserted, preventing a production of space matristically based (MATURANA, 2009). 

We present here a reading of the patrimonial action in the Historical Center of Salvador and its surroundings, addressing the conflict generated by the popular occupation in buildings protected as heritage and the need to preserve them. The conflict generated is read, on the one hand, from the strategies of the public power that, together with the discourses of urban revitalization, preservation of the patrimony, and the disbursement of the State, seeks to implement strategic planning in the urban center. On the other hand, the tactics of social movements are presented, seeking to resist removals, to legitimize themselves the part of the heritage to be revitalized and to force social participation in the decision-making processes of the public sphere. A closer reading of the popular occupation of the São Paulo Fort, in the community of Gamboa de Baixo, and of the actions and decisions of the public power over this area, is presented, in order to promote the conservation project of this military architecture, protected as heritage. During the text the actors of this conflict are presented on both sides, highlighting their actions to reaffirm their speeches, creating a game of power and resistance that brings elements to discuss the patrimonial issue in urban areas.

This dissertation deals with public policies for urban areas of heritage value, based on the case study of the central area of Natal, capital city of the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. The main objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of preservation policies designed for the historic center of Natal in the face of the processes of production of the urban space in progress in the city. For this, we use the methodological theoretical reference of Milton Santos (2006, 2012) and David Harvey (2006, 2011, 2013, 2014) to read the urban dynamics of the city, through spatialisation in the territory of residential, commercial and institutional uses. In a second moment, we focus on the preservation policies taken by the three levels of government in the central area of Natal, emphasizing the current actions, which are: the Growth Acceleration Program for Historical Cities (Programa de Aceleração do Crescimento para as Cidades Históricas – PAC-CH), launched by the Federal Government; Ribeira Urban Operation and proposed revision of the Consortium for Urban Operation of the Historic Center, under the responsibility of the City Hall; as well as the package of urban and architectural projects contracted by the Government of the State for the Rehabilitation of the Historical Center of Natal. Finally, we will assess how the historical center "project" embedded in these policies relates, takes into account or not, the real dynamics of the city as a whole.

This research focuses on rural housing, reporting the reality of the populations who benefited from
projects of rural settlements – results of the agrarian reform in the state of Bahia (Brazil) – seen through
the perspective of social resistance processes. The process of settlement will be examined from 1985 to
2010, divided in three parts corresponding to public policies of the agrarian reform : 1) from 1985 to
1994, period of political transition during which the first National Planning of Agrarian Reform ( 1st
PNRA) was implemented. 2) ) from 1995 to 2001, Fernando Henrique Cardoso ́s government, when
social movements deepened their actions. 3) from 2003 to 2010, Lula ́s government, when II PNRA was
developed and the involvement of the social movements in the proposal of public policies was the most
significant. This research intends to discuss the agrarian issue and develops from the rural housing
context reflexions highlighting the fact that despite the deficiency of the agrarian reform, the settled
farmer resist in different ways, throughout various times and stages. This resistance covers the process
of conquering the land but also the process of maintaining their way of life on this land, labelled by
Germani (1993) as the new face of the struggle for land. The scale of the States ́s action in the rural
settlements is huge, as it is a form of state intervention on space, although it results from the farmer ́s
action seen as a historical subject. In this context, the interests resulting from various relations between
the State – vector of public policies – and each beneficiary of the agrarian reform – groups of settled
farmers, social movements and organisations – tend to come into conflict with the interest of the Capital,
creating complex processes of territorializing, deterritorialization, reterritorialization along with its
breachs, its fragmentations and its spatial connexions which directly affect the way of living in each
rural settlement.

This dissertation is a synthesis of theoretical studies, practical research experiences, cataloging and production of photographic images and composition of “montages”. The“montage” of images is understood as a methodology, way of thinking or mode of knowledge, which dates back to the historical philosophical work of Walter Benjamin, especially in thebook Passages in which the fragment and composition of textual montages are affirmed to thedetriment of notions such as “understanding” or “interpretation” of social reality. Based onthe creation of experimental modes of research in the city, this dissertation discussesmethodological and epistemological aspects of working with images, highlighting the need toreview the form of the “scientific text”. Turning to a set of visual narratives and textual fragments, the author focuses on urban experiences in which walks, routes, parties or drifts ofartists or ordinary citizens, produced in different historical times, are associated withsubjective states of numbness or of drunkenness. The images and narrators presentedexperience, in different ways, their bodies and the city through the ingestion of psychoactivesubstances such as alcohol, hashish or amphetamines. The aim is to establish aninterdisciplinary dialogue between the fields of Visual Anthropology, Urbanism and Art, affirming critical thinking in relation to the control regimes of urban space, cities and theforms of subjection of their inhabitants.