Allergic diseases have shown a significant increase in their prevalence and morbidity in recent decades. Among them, rhinitis and asthma are the most common manifestations, being related to exposure to aeroallergens, especially to mites presente in household dust. Allergens can come from several sources, being protein biomolecules capable of interacting with IgE class antibodies, triggering clinical manifestations of allergy. Individuals who have a genetic predisposition to synthesize high levels of IgE antibodies when sensitized with small doses of allergens are those most affected by allergic diseases, being called atopic individuals. Studies focused on the treatment and diagnosis of these diseases are of great relevance, however, before any treatment it is very important that the diagnosis is firmly established. For this, patients should be carefully examined so that allergens sensitizing to each case can be identified and serve as support for diagnostic tests. Monoclonal antibodies have been used in the diagnosis and treatment of some allergic diseases and their mechanisms of action act as agonists or receptor antagonists, in neutralizing targets such as toxins, cytokines and cell markers for further destruction of these and their use may fill a need not yet met by the current available therapeutic options.

Tissue regeneration is studied a lot within the scientific community and therapeutic options for
this, minimally invasive, gain prominence, as they involve much lower intra and postoperative
invasive procedures for the patient compared to surgical procedures of great extension. To this
end, the autologous biological compound platelet-rich plasma (PRP) becomes a path towards
the objective of regenerating an injury at the rate that it delivers to the patient a
supraphysiological concentration of cellular mediators found within platelets, active in the
inflammatory process, including growth factors and cytokines. The composition of the
bioproduct will be influenced by the baseline health of the individual for whom the PRP is
being prepared, consequently affecting the development of the therapy. The present work
explores some clinical variables that may affect the platelet concentration of the bioproduct by
analyzing them using the Poisson distribution, considering studying the relationship between
the variable D and PRL with the variables: X1 = group (1-presence of osteoarthritis; 0- no
presence of osteoarthritis); X2 = gender (1- masculine; 0- feminine); X3 = age (1- under 60
years old; 0- over 60 years old); X4 = smoker (1-yes; 0-no); X5 = alcohol consumption (1-yes;
0-no); X6 = Frequency of non-steroid anti-inflammatory consumption (NSAIDs) (1- diary; 2-
casually; 3- don't use); X7 = presence of self-reported diabetes (1-yes; 0-no); X8 = presence of
self-reported hypertension (1-yes; 0-no); X9 = presence of osteoarticular and/or
musculoskeletal conditions (1-yes; 0-no). With the exception of the variable gender and
frequency of occasional NSAID consumption, the variables had a significant impact on platelet
concentration and difference in platelet-rich plasma. Therefore, when determining the
production of the biomaterial, it is necessary to give importance and consider the clinical
aspects of the patient's health status, observing and analyzing the variables portrayed, since this
immunological profile of the patient will also be exposed in the platelet concentrate produced
and this will interfere with the therapeutic quality and the desired recovery process.

Microalgae constitute a heterogeneous and diverse group of photosynthesizing microorganisms, which  ntegrate phytoplankton and can be found in the most varied ecosystems. Due to the adaptive physiological capacity of the group, it is considered a rich source of biologically active secondary metabolites. Despite this, there are few published studies on the antifungal potential of microalgae and many species have not yet been contemplated. The aim of this study was to evaluate antifungal potential of the microalgae Ankistrodesmus falcatus, Chaetoceros neogracilis, Desmodesmus brasiliensis, Dunaliella tertiolecta, Kirchneriella lunaris and Tetraselmis gracilis. In the first chapter, a narrative review of the literature on the antifungal activity of extracts
and compounds of microalgae against dermatophytes was performed. In the second chapter, the antifungal potential of the ethanolic extracts was tested against the dermatophytes Nannizzia gypsea, N. nana, Trichophyton mentagrophytes and T. tonsurans. The methodology used was broth microdilution, and the range of 0.0115 to 6 mg mL-1 was tested. All microalgal extracts showed antifungal activity, especially the extracts of the microalgae C. neogracilis, D. brasiliensis and K. lunaris, which totally inhibited the growth of all dermatophyte species evaluated. The lowest MIC values recorded were for D. brasiliensis and K. lunaris (MIC 0.188 mg mL-1), against T. tonsurans and N. nana. In the third chapter, a systematic review of the literature on the antifungal activity of microalgae against phytopathogenic fungi was performed. In the fourth chapter, the ethanolic extracts of the microalgae were tested against the phytopathogenic fungi Colletotrichum fructicola, C. gloeosporioides, Fusarium oxysporum and Neoscytalidium dimidiatum. The methodology used was microdilution in broth, being applied the range of 0.0115 to 6 mg mL-1. Four of the extracts evaluated showed antifungal activity (A. falcatus, C. neogracilis, D. brasiliensis and K. lunaris) against two species of fungi (C. fructicola and C. gloeosporioides). The lowest MIC values recorded were for the extract of K. lunaris against C. fructicola (MIC 0.047 mg mL-1 ) and C. gloeosporioides (MIC 0.75 mg mL-1). This study is a pioneering work on the antifungal activity of these microalgae, but further research can be carried out directed to the isolation and identification of target biomolecules. As well as, in the future, new drugs  and biopesticides may be formulated from these extracts, and molecules. 

In this research, two levan-producing microorganisms, Zymomona mobilis and a Bacillus isolated at the Laboratory of Biotechnology and Ecology of Microorganisms (LABEM) were used to evaluate the synthesis of the biopolymer through a synthetic medium rich in sucrose and two alternative sources of carbohydrates (palm and garapa). Levan is an exopolysaccharide (EPS) obtained by the transfructosylation reaction during the fermentation of cultures with Zymomonas mobilis when grown in sucrose-rich medium. This bacterium has aroused great interest by researchers and the industrial sector for presenting high yields with the productivity of ethanol and in the production of levan, when sucrose is used as a carbon source. Several researches seek to better understand the metabolic pathways of levan synthesis as well as the optimization of the process for its production. It is known that the production of levan by Zymomonas mobilis is hampered by the ability of this strain to direct its metabolism towards the production of bioproducts such as ethanol instead of the biopolymer. Two alternative sources of carbohydrates (garapa and palm) were tested in the culture medium with a concentration of 20% in the medium, the experiments were carried out in triplicates in the rotating shaker for 48 h and in the aerated biological bioreactor the best parameters in batches of 12 h. Experimental tests carried out in shaker and bioreactor using Z. mobilis and Bacillus, showed that the solution of palm and garapa used in consortium and palm separately were efficient in the formation of levan synthesis. The FTIR and RAMAN spectroscopy analyzes compared the levan produced in this research with samples of levan supplied by Sigma and demonstrated that there is a high degree of similarity between the productions with the standard gum.

Climate changes have a direct impact on plant agricultural production, as they lead to a gradual process of increasing abiotic stress conditions, affecting crop development and productivity. Ricinus communis (castor) is an oleaginous species of significant economic importance due to the high oil content in its seeds. Being cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions around the world. In Brazil, the castor bean represents significant socioeconomic importance as it is mainly cultivated by family farmers in the semi-arid region of the Northeast, where environmental conditions of drought and saline soils prevail. From the point of view of plant molecular physiology, transcription factors act in the regulation of development, and morphogenesis in response to environmental stresses. The nuclear factor-Y (NF-Y) belongs to the family of transcription factors (TF), being present in all eukaryotic genomes. It is a protein complex formed by three different subunits HapB (NF-YA), HapC (NF-YB), and HapE (NF-YC), each subunit being encoded for more than one gene in plants. NF-YB proteins play an important role in regulating plant responses to abiotic stresses. The present study involved the B-subunit gene (RcNF-YB8) of castor bean, which was functionally characterized in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) by stresses induced by osmotic restriction by imbibition and germination in saline and mannitol Endereço: Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon s/n - Vale do Canela - CEP 40110-100 - Salvador / Bahia Tel: (71) 3283-8894 Email: ppgbiotec@ufba.br Universidade Federal da Bahia Instituto de Ciências da Saúde Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia solutions, as well as in the presence of Exogenous abscisic acid (ABA). Arabidopsis transgenic strains overexpressing RcNF-YB8 showed more vigorous germination than the wild strain (Col-0) in mannitol (400 mM and 500 mM), NaCl (200 mM and 250 mM), and ABA (1.0 µM) solutions and 2.0 µM). The antioxidant activity of the enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) was also analyzed. Taken together, these results suggest that RcNFYB8 induces salinity tolerance of Arabidopsis, proving to be a potentially useful molecular and biochemical marker for the genetic improvement of castor, aiming at better performance under conditions of water restriction and salinity, common in the northeastern semiarid region.

Bioethanol is a compound traditionally produced from the fermentation of fermentable sugars. Different substrates can be used for this purpose. Bioethanol produced from lignocellulosic substrates is second and third generation ethanol. In the production of this bioproduct, microorganisms such as Zymomonas mobilis, Clostridium thermocellum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae can be used. The latter, in turn, is the most used organism for this purpose. Ethanol production can have different applications, such as the production of beverages, whether fermented and/or distilled, or even in the production of biofuels. In this sense, methods of optimizing the production of bioethanol becomes relevant. Different stimulus methods have been tested in order to achieve this objective, such as the application of light. Thus, the objective of the present work was to evaluate the effect of the application of electric currents in microamperages on Saccharomyces cerevisiae during alcoholic fermentation. Therefore, bioreactors capable of applying electric currents in the culture medium containing yeasts. The currents used were 1Hz and 50Hz, with intensities of 250µA, 500µA, 750µA and 990µA, so 8 experimental groups were tested and a control group where there was no application of electric currents. Electric currents with 1Hz modulation showed a reduction in ethanol production proportional to the increase in amperage. However, at the frequency of 50Hz an opposite effect was observed. In this modulation, the intensity of 990µA presented the greatest difference in relation to the control group. This difference was statistically significant in relation to the control. Then, this current of 50Hz and 990µA was selected and tested in 20L bioreactors and even in this case the significance was maintained. Therefore, it was concluded with this work that the use of electric currents can increase the production of bioethanol.

Biomodulatory therapies have been used to improve the healing pattern and assist in the tissue repair process. Plasma jet is an electrotherapeutic resource that is currently being highly recommended for dermatological use and aesthetic purposes in order to treat wrinkles and expression lines, stretch marks and acne scarring. Additionally, studies have proven its bactericidal action, a fact that can expand its use for other therapeutic purposes. Objective: To evaluate the effects of plasma jet in the repair of standardized surgical wounds in the skin of rats through infrared thermographic imaging and histopathological analysis. Methodology: A total of 20 animals were used, divided into two groups, the control group (GC) and the group treated with the plasma jet (GJP). A standardized cutaneous surgical wound was performed on the animals' back and thermographic recording was carried out at different times. The control group did not undergo any type of therapy, whereas in the PJG, plasma jet therapy was performed (conduction mode, direct current, intensity of 5/8 and time of 90 seconds), immediately after surgery, and on the two days following. Half of the animals in each group were sacrificed on the 5th day after the surgical procedure, and the remainder on the 10th day. A tissue sample was removed from each animal for processing and histological analysis. Statistical analysis was performed. Result: It was found that the highest Delta T occurred in the group treated with plasma jet, especially on the 5th day (p>0.05). Conclusion: The present study found that infrared thermography proved to be an efficient resource for capturing temperature variations in the skin of rats during skin repair. The analysis of the thermograms showed that the application of the plasma jet in the surgical wounds generated a significant thermal variation in relation to the specimens of the control group, especially on the 5th day of the healing period.

Microalgae have the potential to produce a variety of assets of industrial interest, whether in the food industry due to their high content of proteins and carbohydrates contained in the biomass; either in the treatment of agro-industrial effluents such as POME (Palm oil mill effluent) or aimed at the industry of assets with high added value, such as carotenoid pigments, applied in the area of cosmetics, animal nutrition and also human food. Among the species with this potential, two strains isolated from Brazilian environments stand out, the freshwater Chlamydomonas biconvexa Embrapa|LBA40 and the halotolerant species Dunaliella viridis Embrapa|LBAS001. In the present study, the first chapter showed that the strain C. biconvexa Embrapa|LBA40, isolated and cultivated in POME residue, was able to reach a biomass productivity of 190.60 mgDW • L-1 • d-1 in plate airlift photobiorrectors 15L flat. The species was able to reduce ammonia and nitrite in the POME residue by 99% as well as reducing phosphate by 98% after 5 days of cultivation. In addition, for species identification, the mitochondrial genome was obtained through genetic sequencing, assembled and annotated and revealed a mtDNA of 15.98 Kb, with 14 genes, of which 9 are protein-coding genes. Thus, the phylogenetic analysis through the COX1 gene confirmed the taxonomic status within the genus Chlamydomonas, opening an opportunity for future genetic studies of modification and improvement of the species. The halotolerant strain D. viridis Embrapa|LBAS001, capable of growing in a medium with up to eight times the salinity of the sea (3.5%) and accumulating carotenoids, was sequenced by the Illumina and Nanopore platforms, had its mitochondrial, chloroplast and nuclear genome mounted, annotated and the species was identified by phylogenetic analysis. The results revealed complete mitochondrial, chloroplast and nuclear draft genomes of 46 Kb, 176 Kb and 167 Mb, respectively. The organelles presented introns in their sequences, a typical feature within the Dunaliella genus. The draft of the nuclear genome showed the content of genes coding for enzymes and products with variable potential industrial application. In addition, the annotated metabolic route of carotenoid production demonstrated the real possibility of applying the strain in biorefinery projects for the production of actives such as α-carotene, β-carotene, lutein, phytoene and other high-value metabolites. Thus, the present genome can be used for studies to improve the expression of these genes of interest and generate subsidies for genetic transformation protocols in the future.

The development of modern biotechnology demands satisfactory amounts of soluble and biologically active recombinant proteins, given the growing use of heterologous proteins in research laboratories and therapeutic applications. Therefore, selecting an ideal expression system, including the genetic elements and the host for expression, is a major issue in developing recombinant proteins. Recently, the significant influence that genetic elements have on the production of a recombinant protein has been unveiled, and it is feasible to optimize these elements thanks to advances in the synthetic biology field. Studies of literature data carried out by our research group allowed the assembly of a new Expression Operational Unit (EOU) comprising standardized and well-characterized biological parts to improve the expression of recombinant proteins in bacterial hosts. We also constructed a novel variant of the T7 promoter with increased transcriptional activity (1.7-fold higher) compared to the wild-type T7 promoter. This new EOU generated an improved production of the superfolderGFP reporter protein (sfGFP) in E. coli BL21(DE3) (relative fluorescence units/RFU = 70.62 ± 1.62 A U.) when compared to an expression vector used as control (plasmid BBa_I746909; RFU = 59.68 ± 1.82 A U.). The functionality of this UOE was also evaluated with the production of the recombinant allergen Der p 21 wt and its hypoallergenic mutant variants. The Der p 21 allergen is considered an important allergen, with a high binding capacity for IgE antibodies and high allergenic activity. It defines that protein as a potential candidate for allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) against allergy triggered by D. pteronyssinus. Thus, hypoallergenic variants of the Der p 21 allergen were constructed to compose vaccine formulations for TIA, following a structural bioinformatics and immunoinformatics approach. Two of these mutants variants (K110G and E87S) displayed a low binding capacity to IgE compared to the allergen rDer p 21. Hence, these new hypoallergenic proteins are promising candidates for composing next-generation allergen-specific immunotherapy formulations in the near future. Moreover, the use of optimized expression vectors, such as the one assembled in this study, offers excellent advantages in the production of recombinant proteins of biotechnological interest, allowing for efficient production with improved yield and quality.

Microalgae are microscopic, prokaryotic or eukaryotic, single-celled and photosynthetic organisms found in marine, freshwater and terrestrial environments. Its rapid growth, diversity of metabolites, ability to adapt to adverse conditions and composition with large amounts of proteins, carbohydrates, pigments, lipids and other biomolecules are responsible for its great biotechnological importance. One of the alternatives for reducing the cost of producing microalgae biomass is the reuse of the culture medium, which consists of the separation of microalgal biomass and the consequent inoculation of the residual medium, which can be supplemented or not with nutrients. Once cultivated, the biomass produced needs to be separated from the culture medium in order to be used in different industrial processes. It is estimated that the cost of separation can reach 20–30% of its total production cost. Electroflocculation is a method of separating biomass that is ecologically correct, inexpensive and energy efficient and consists of the use of two metallic electrodes (an anode and a cathode) that release ions that neutralize the charge of the microalgal cells and allows the formation of cell flakes, resulting in the separation of biomass. Thus, the development of technologies for the production and separation of microalgal biomass that allow cost reduction, without compromising the efficiency and quality of the process, is of great importance for the establishment of biomolecules obtained from microalgae on the world market. Therefore, this work aims to verify the effect of the reuse of medium during the cultivation of marine and freshwater algae, as well as the electrofloculation test as a method for separating the biomass from marine microalgae. For this, the microalgae Dunaliella salina and Ankistrodesmus falcatus were grown in an Erlenmeyer type photobioreactor (1 L) in Conway and LC-Oligo media, respectively. D. salina was submitted to 3 different culture conditions: standard medium, medium supplemented with nitrogen and medium supplemented with phosphorus. At the end of each cycle, the residual medium was reused, receiving a new inoculum of D. salina. The parameters of maximum production, maximum growth rate and maximum productivity were analyzed. There was a reduction in biomass production, maximum growth and productivity during cultivation in the non-supplemented medium and supplemented with phosphorus after 3 cycles. In the medium supplemented with Nitrogen there was a significant increase in the production of biomass in the media reused in comparison to the Control culture. The highest biomass production was obtained in the 1st cycle in a reused medium (1,122 g L-1 ). The 4th cultivation cycle promoted greater biomass production than the 3rd cycle (0.908 g L-1 and 0.854 g L-1 , respectively). The maximum productivity increased significantly during the cultivation cycles in reused medium, with the highest productivity obtained in the 4th cycle (0.201 g L-1 d -1 ). Cell death was observed during cultivation of A. falcatus in reused medium. In addition, an electroflocculation device for a tubular photobioreactor was developed, consisting of two parallel aluminum electrodes and an electrical source with voltage adjustment (12V–24V) for separating microalgae biomass, which resulted in the filing of a model patent used together to the National Institute of Industrial Property.

Brazilian red pepper tree (Schinus terebinthifolius) has been studied mainly for its condiment and medicinal properties, in addition to its importance in the recovery of degraded areas and the restoration of native vegetation. Therefore, due to the importance of obtaining good quality seeds of this species for use in reforestation and commercial planting programs, the objective of this study was to evaluate the biochemical and physiological profiles of seed maturation, storage and germination under conditions of water restriction and after osmopriming. It was observed that the seeds obtained from fruits in the Red stage showed better physiological quality and that the newly harvested seeds showed better germinative performance compared to those that underwent drying. The seeds stored in a refrigerated environment (5ºC) were able to maintain their physiological quality for 15 months, different from those stored at room temperature (24ºC), which remained viable, however, reduced germination and vigor. The changes in the activities of the enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in these storage conditions indicate that the enzymatic antioxidant system is related to the maintenance of the viability of the seeds, however, they were not able to prevent the loss of quality, the increase in lipid peroxidation, verified through the quantification of malondialdehyde (MDA), and the permeability of membranes, through the electrical conductivity (EC) test, when stored at room temperature. In water restriction tests, it was observed that the species is highly susceptible to this abiotic stress in the process of germination and initial seedling establishment. Biochemical evaluations showed that the activities of the enzymes SOD, CAT and APX during controlled imbibition increased when subjected to low levels of stress (-0.2 MPa), however, they were reduced in severe levels of water restriction (-0.8 MPa). In seedlings, the first oxidative damage occurred in the roots, confirmed by the reduction of the activity of SOD, CAT and APX by -0.2 MPa. In addition, when using controlled imbibition for osmoconditioning or priming, it was observed that the use of potentials less than -0.2 MPa for 168 h did not promote improvement in the germination and vigor of the seeds of S. terebinthifolius, however, potentials of -0.2 and -0.4 MPa, were able to promote a faster and more uniform germination, indicating that the use of this pre-germinative treatment can contribute to improve the physiological potential of seeds of this species.

Castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) is an oilseed species globally recognized for an uncounted number of industrial applications and high market value of the oil extracted from its seeds. Besides, it has significant socioeconomic importance concerning its production being traditional and mostly carried out in Brazil by family farmers in the region of the Brazilian Northeastern semiarid region, where rudimentary crops predominate under adverse conditions typical of the region. Therefore, the present study aimed the characterization and overexpression of Castor bean genes associated with better tolerance to abiotic stresses during germination and initial seedling development. Three families of genes related to superoxide dismutase (SOD), small heat shock proteins (sHSP), and the nuclear transcription factor Y subunit B (NF-YB) were analyzed, according to the importance of these genes in the literature, and their selection by complementary analysis of within a Castor bean microarray for genes expressed under heat stress. The identification and characterization of these families in Castor bean was compared with angiosperm genomes, obtaining the profile of gene expression under conditions of abiotic stresses during imbibition, radicle protrusion (germination per se) and post-germination (young seedlings), and functional characterization of the target genes for tolerance to abiotic stresses through overexpression in Arabidopsis thaliana. In CHAPTER 1 (published article), we identified the SOD gene family in Castor bean (RcSOD), and the orthologous genes in angiosperms, showing the expression profile of RcSOD genes in embryos during imbibition and germination under different osmotic potentials (water restriction). The RcCuZnSOD1 and RcFeSOD8 genes were induced during imbibition by osmotic stress that induces ‘priming’ in Castor bean seeds as being associated with beneficial responses to seeds and seedlings vigor in different Castor bean genotypes. In CHAPTER 2 (article to be submitted), we identified possible regulatory elements of RcSOD genes under abiotic stresses and regulation by ABA, and the mechanism of regulation by the microRNA 398 for the RcCCuSOD4 and RcCuZnSOD3 genes. We identified the RcCuZnSOD1 and RcFeSOD8 genes as responsive to heat stress (35 °C) during imbibition and germination. Besides, we identified that other RcSOD genes (RcCCuSOD4, RcFeSOD7, RcCuZnSOD3) were induced in seeds under heat stress during radicle protrusion and in seedlings with 2 cm roots. It was possible to observe the subcellular localization of the RcSOD genes in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves, in which RcSOD genes (RcMnSOD5 and RcFeSOD8) may have differences compared to the subcellular location in A. thaliana. In CHAPTER 3 (published article), we initially identified 41 genes of the heat shock protein family predicted in Castor bean (RcsHSP), showing that tandem duplication seems to be one of the possible causes for the largest number of castor genes compared to A. thaliana. Besides, we showed the pattern of gene expression of 10 RcsHSP genes induced during radicle protrusion and early seedling stage. However, demonstrating the specificity of expression in roots, cotyledons, and leaves at different stages of seedling development under heat stress. Finally, we performed the functional characterization through the overexpression of two RcsHSP genes (RcsHSP12 and RcsHSP19) in A. thaliana, resulting in (a) higher percentage of seed germination under heat, osmotic and saline stresses; (b) greater enzymatic antioxidant potential of SOD; (c) and higher concentration of protective carbohydrates (sucrose and raffinose). In CHAPTER 4 (submitted article), we identified the family of genes of the nuclear transcription factor subunit B (NF-YB) in Castor bean and made the functional characterization of the RcNF-YB8 gene regarding the induction of early flowering in A. thaliana. The phylogenetic comparison allowed us to identify orthologous genes in angiosperms and motif patterns that may be associated with differences between the RcNF-YB subfamilies. The induction of RcNF-YB genes was observed to be greater during imbibition and germination compared to the post-germinative phase, also showing different profiles of induction and suppression by heat stress. The RcNF-YB8 gene demonstrated suppression by heat stress and a pattern of greater expression in leaves, while the overexpression in A. thaliana also demonstrated to induce early flowering, therefore, impacting the size of the plant and fruits, and consequent productivity. The results involve a broad characterization of genes from three important families in the response of seeds and seedlings to abiotic stresses and subsequent plant development, in which the characterization of the genes showed significant relevance indicating target genes potentially useful in breeding programs towards varieties of Castor bean with superior vigor aimed at better stand stablishment and crop development, and consequently better productivity of Castor bean by the family farmers in the Brazilian Northeast semiarid.

Caseous lymphadenitis (CL), an infectious disease caused by the Gram-positive bacterium Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis in goats and sheep, is highly prevalent in small ruminant herds worldwide. Several economic losses, represented by the decrease in the value of leather, condemnation of carcasses and reproductive failures, have already been associated with the occurrence of the disease. Currently available techniques for clinical and laboratory diagnosis of the disease lack market availability and/or sensitivity and, therefore, infected animals can remain in the herd, serving as a source of infection for other animals. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and chemometrics are techniques that can identify metabolites not detectable by classical laboratory diagnostic techniques. The present study aimed to determine markers of C. pseudotuberculosis infection in goats using classical methods (clinical, hematological, biochemical), serological, NMR and chemometry. A herd of 173 Canindé goats was used, from which blood and serum samples were collected for analysis. The animals were classified as uninfected control (C), asymptomatic (A) and symptomatic (S), according to microbiological isolation, based on the content of caseous lesions and serological assay (ELISA). Complete blood counts, clinical biochemistry tests were performed to determine the concentration of serum compounds; 1H NMR analyzes NOESY (Nuclear Overhauser Effect SpectrosopY) and CPMG (Carr-Purcell Meiboom-Gill) and Partial Least Square Discriminant Analysis chemometry (PLS-DA) for verification and possible biomarkers for the disease. A high dissemination of the infection by C. pseudotuberculosis was observed in the herd, with 86.13% of positive animals, being 74.57% asymptomatic and 11.56% symptomatic. In the hemogram and clinical biochemistry analyses, the only statistical difference found was the higher level of serum urea in asymptomatic individuals than in non-infected animals. In the evaluation of 62 serum samples by NMR, the techniques employed were satisfactory in discriminating the groups, being also complementary and mutually confirming, demonstrating possible biomarkers for CL. Twenty metabolites of interest were identified by NOESY and 29 by CPMG, opening up promising possibilities for the establishment of NMR and chemometric techniques as CL suitable diagnosis methods, both because of the advantages of the techniques and the results reported herein for the first time in goats.

This work aims to innovate in the development of biotechnological strategies based on the cultivation of microorganisms and to mitigate the main challenges of the oil and gas industry. Oil is a high-demand commodity globally. With the economic development of countries there is a need to increase their production and respond quickly to the challenges faced by the sector. Biotechnology can offer the technological contribution in bioprocesses that meet these adversities. Currently, the greatest burdens are concentrated in the processes of increasing oil recovery, destination of the water produced and control of souring. In addition, during operational protocols, spill accidents may occur, so it is important to establish strategies for impacted areas. In this way, microorganisms can be applied widely and effectively in different scenarios and their metabolic diversity allows the production of bioactive substances. In the present study, strains were isolated for the production of biosurfactants that improve oil recovery in mature wells, in addition to being applied in the bioremediation of affected environments. The process becomes more attractive with the production of these molecules in water produced with a high salt content and without additional treatments. Sulfate Reducing Bacteria (SRB) were used in the water produced, used in a new rapid monitoring strategy. Therefore, the objective of this study is to generate environmentally sustainable and economically competitive solutions from the cultivation of microorganisms in order to reduce costs and minimize impacts on the environment.

Orofacial paraesthesia is a sensorineural disorder that can affect daily quality of life of individuals undergoing some dental procedures or facial trauma. A more technological and innovative treatment option for this condition is laser phototherapy, which can be employed in the public health service, thus meeting the principles of bioethics and justice, as long as it is equally available to society as a whole. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the effectiveness of laser phototherapy in the treatment of orofacial paresthesias. Through a database, 296 laser therapy cycles from 101 patients were selected. It contained information on gender, age, medical and dental history of patients treated from 2003 to 2018, at the Laser Clinic of the FOUFBA Biophotonics Center. Infrared diode lasers (700-808nm) were used in continuous emission mode, with individualized application protocol, being performed every 48 hours, totaling 12 sessions. The Visual Analog Scale was used to evaluate nerve sensitivity at each session. The records of this scale were evaluated together with the other bank data and statistically analyzed. The results showed that approximately 62% of the cycles had satisfactory outcomes (improvement and asymptomatic), with 80% being women and 20% men (p = 0.02); 55.68% were patients aged 19 to 42 years and 44.32% were 43 to 90 years old (p = 0.04). Regarding medical history, 51.35% of those who had some comorbidity and 48.65% did not (p> 0.05); 25.41% of those taking vitamin B and 74.59% of those not using this associated supplement obtained satisfactory results after laser therapy cycles (p> 0.05). The average cyclic dose (DC) used was 280.5 ± 11.0J / cm² and the average DC that obtained a satisfactory result was 293.6J / cm² ± 201.2J / cm². There was statistical significance between the mean DC in some variables such as: type of injured nerve, being the lingual, with higher DC; If the paresthesia was in an isolated nerve or in more than one nerve, the latter with higher DC, the cause involved, being orthognathic surgery requiring higher DC, affected side, and the left side had lower doses; Number of application regions, the fewer regions, lower dose usage and Cycle status, with full cycles at higher DC. It was concluded that laser phototherapy is effective in the treatment of orofacial paresthesias, however, women and those aged 19 to 42 years had the most satisfactory outcomes. The average cyclic / therapeutic dose used was efficient, and the variables of injured nerve type, number of regions of application and cause involved are essential to identify them to establish the best dose to be used. Through an individualized protocol and specific parameters in the treatment of orofacial paraesthesia with laser therapy, it is possible to improve the quality of life of these patients

Fungi are pathogens in humans and animals. Among the most important pathogenic fungi are yeast species that belong to the genus Candida. C. albicans can cause a wide range of diseases, including superficial mucosal infections (vulvovaginal and oropharyngeal candidiasis) that can invade life-threatening tissues. Due to the inherent characteristics of eukaryotes, seen both in fungi and in the human host, antifungal drugs mostly have low selective toxicity. This causes a considerable reduction in the antifungal therapeutic arsenal. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been advocated as an alternative to antimicrobial agents due to the extensive and inappropriate use that gradually led to the development of generalized resistance. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate, in vitro, the efficacy of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy associating Taylor Blue with a Red LED emitter (41.2 mW, λ630 ±m ± 1 ɳm, 20 J / cm2) on the culture of Candida Albicans. Assays were performed using bacterial greenhouse grown Candida albicans (ATCC 900228) strain (UltraSafe HF 212, PR, Brazil) 37◦C for 24 hours according to the fungal growth curve. The colonies were resuspended in sterile 0.85% NaCl saline at a concentration of 2 x 108 cells / mL. Three experimental protocols were performed using 750 ɳg / mL photosensitizer and 20 J / cm2 energy density, being divided into three large groups; Single AFD, double application in a single session and double application after 24 hrs, with subgroups divided into Control (C. albicans only), DMMB (photosensitizer only, TFD (factor union). The results showed respective reductions of 99, 9% and 99,991% of the total fungal load in the Protocols 3 and 2 used, being Protocol 2 the best result presented with a methodology fully compatible with clinical reality, with capacity for use in several other existing microorganisms.

Nanotechnology is a multidisciplinary research area that comprises biology, physics, chemistry and engineering for the development, manipulation and application of materials at the nanometer scale. Although metal nanoparticles can be synthesized using a variety of physical and chemical processes, they can have some disadvantages. The biological synthesis or biosynthesis of nanoparticles can eliminate the problems caused by conventional methods and provide environmentally friendly nanoparticles. Nanoparticle biosynthesis is characterized by the use of the most diverse biological systems. However, fungi are the most efficient candidates for the manufacture of intra and extracellular metal nanoparticles. The aim of this work is to synthesize and characterize silver nanoparticles through the endophytic fungus Phyllosticta capitalensis isolated from Pyrostegia venusta and to compare two synthesis methodologies using the mycelial fragment and fungal biomass. The results showed that only the methodology I - fungal biomass has the capacity to synthesize the nanoparticles. This fact was confirmed by a color change after 72 hours of the addition of silver nitrate and also by the presence of an absorption band in the 400 nm region. The silver nanoparticles formed had spherical shapes, average size of 51.33 nm and zeta potential of -22.5 mV. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy detected bands corresponding to vibrations of alcohol, methylene, amine, ester, nitrate residue, aliphatic amine, phosphate and aromatic hydrocarbons. These results show that the use of filtrated fungal biomass cell of Phyllosticta capitalensis at pH 9 is promising for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles.

The inflammatory response is  defined as a defense reaction of the body against aggressive agents whose ultimate goal is to return homeostasis and recover damaged tissues. Among the main cell types involved in this process, mast cells are found, whose function is to synthesize and release potent chemical mediators of the inflammatory process, through degranulation. It is known that the low power laser can increase the degranulation of mast cells, causing the release of substances such as histamine, serotonin and bradykinin. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of infrared LED phototherapies (l 850 ± 10 nm, continuous emission, Dose = 20 J/cm²) and Violet LED (l 405 ± 10 nm, continuous emission, Dose = 20 J/cm²), the total amount of mast cells after light stimulation, as well as their percentage of degranulation, in tissues of the oral mucosa of rats. To this end, 27 Wistar rats were used, which were randomly distributed into three groups: Control Group, LED IV Group (l 850 ± 10 nm) and Violet LED Group (l 405 ± 10 nm). Tissue removal times were oral: immediately, 20 minutes, 45 minutes and 2 hours after the irradiation procedure. After removel, the tissues of oral mucosa were processed for histological analysis with Toluidine Blue staning and count of intact and degranulated mast cells. The results associated with the total number of mast cells in all groups in relation to the control group, being higher in the LED IV group. The degranulation index was higher in the group irradiated with Violet LED. 

Increasing concerns about health security, social impacts and fair trade have intensified the industrial interest in the use of natural products in commercial cosmetic formulations. Currently, several studies are focused on plant extracts, but tropical fruits such as guava, rambutan, grape and abiu remain untapped and therefore underused. This research aims to evaluate the potential of using phenolic substances rich fruit extract as a photoprotective additive agent for sunscreen formulations. Fruit extracts of Nephellium lapaceum (Rambutan), Pouteria caimito (Abiu), Psidium guajava (Guava) and Vitis spp. (Grape) aiming at the development of a commercial product adapted to the regional conditions of the state of Bahia to not only innovate in the discovery of new substances but to encourage regional economic development. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids and tannins and the absence of coumarins in all extracts. The literature review and patent prospection revealed that there are no works and / or cosmetic products containing in their composition extracts of the evaluated fruits, isolated or combined with photoprotective and antioxidant purposes. The extracts tested showed positive antioxidant results. The photoprotective activity was not observed when the extracts were used alone in dermocosmetic formulations. However, when associated with formulations containing synthetic sunscreens, the extracts acted synergistically, enhancing the Sun Protection Factor (SPF) more than 200.0%. The use of these actives in photoprotective formulations can favor the reduction of the concentration of synthetic organic sunscreens used in its composition, reduction of the toxicity associated with these filters, as well as the potentialization of their SPF. The production of cosmetics from substances of natural origin with such activities will be of great importance for the Brazilian industrial sector and may reduce the cost of production, considering the great biodiversity existing in the country, representing a great scientific and economic impact.

The term malnutrition is defined by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) as an abnormal physiological condition caused by inadequate, unbalanced or excessive consumption of macronutrients such as carbohydrates, lipids and proteins and/or micronutrients such as vitamins and minerals, which are necessary for the development of the organism. The present study aims to evaluate the nutritional potential of five marine microalgae: Chaetoceros calcitrans, Chaetoceros gracilis, Thalassiosira pseudonana Thalassiosira fluviatilis, Skeletonema costatum and five  freshwater microalgae: Chlamydocapsa bacillus, Ankistrodesmus fusiformis, Coelastrum microporum and Kirchneriella lunares from the Microalgae Bank of the Biology Institute atFederal University of Bahia as a possible indication of food protein complement. Initially the protein levels of each microalga were determined. For quantification, the cells were lysed and the proteins precipitated with acetone. The dosage was performed by the method of Bradford (1976) and Lowry (1951). For the toxicity tests of the algal extracts, larvae of Artemia salina were used as experimental model. The results obtained from this bioprospection indicate the freaswater species Ankistrodesmus fusiformis, Coelastrum microporum and Kirchneriella lunares as candidates to be used as food supplement, since they present higher protein levels in their biomass, 49, 47 and 41%, respectively, and do not show any toxicity, according to the test used. Among the marine species, Skeletonema costatum was the one with highest protein concentration (35%), followed by Chaetoceros gracilis and Thalassiosira pseudonana, both with 29%. The Bradford method was not suitable for protein dosing in microalgae, resulting in a sub-sizing of the production. The dosage by Lowry reflected more accurately the protein content, for all species evaluated.

The Erythroxylaceae family consists by four genera, among which Erythroxylum is the most important, as it contains about 97% of the family species.
This genus presents important bioactive substances such as tropic alkaloids, coumarins, diterpenes, flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, steroids, tannins, triterpenes and terpenes, which have biological characteristics such as antioxidants and antibacterial, pharmacological properties as central nervous system stimulant, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antiviral, antitumoral, in addition to medical treatments without kidney disorders, sinusitis, stomach pain, amenorrhea, flu, injury and fatigue.The genus has a wide distribution, found in greater quantity in the tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas, Africa, Southeast Asia and Oceania. Several species of this genus are unique to Brazil, some of which are restricted to the Northeast, and are found in semi-arid areas (caatinga) mainly in the states of Pernambuco, Ceará, Sergipe, Alagoas, Bahia, Piauí and Paraíba. Many of the occurrence species in the semi-arid region have not yet had their chemical and pharmacological potentials evaluated. Based on these aspects, this work aimed to determine the presence of bioactive substances and biological activities in four species of the genus Erythroxylum, evaluating leaf and stem extracts with their biotechnological potentials and cosmetic use. It was obtained 40 extracts and submitted to the lethality tests of Artemia salina, antioxidant activity (sequestration of the DPPH radical, inhibition of the oxidation of β-carotene / linoleic acid, total phenolics and total flavonoids), antibacterial activity and inhibitory activity of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase.The PCA and HCA techniques of multivariate analysis were applied allowing the differentiation by samples similarity, with formation of three distinct groups, when the results of the antioxidant activity test (DPPH) were used. In the A. salina lethality test, three extracts EAFEN, EMCEN and EMCERIII with CL₅₀ = 1,374, 1,007 and 0,703 mg / mL, respectively, with low cytotoxicity potentials were highlighted. The EMCERIII extract had MIC of 0.25 mg / mL for E. coli and 0.50 mg / mL for S. aureus demonstrating a satisfactory antibacterial activity. For the antioxidant activity (DPPH), leaf extracts EMFERI, EAFERII, EAFERI, EHFERI and stems extracts EACERII, EACERI, EMCERII, EACEN, EMCERI and EACERIII showed the lowest IC₅₀ values with 0.043; 0.044; 0.044; 0.050; 0.060; 0.071; 0.072; 0.077; 0.088 and 0.089 mg / mL, respectively. The EMCERIII extract was used in the preformulation process through obtaining a liposomal emulsion and incorporation into cosmetic formulations (LIC and LIG).

In the post-formulation process, the LIC maintained its integrity in the accelerated activity tests and slight increase in its antioxidant activity both in the sequestration of DPPH free radicals and in the phenolic and total flavonoid contents. In view of the above, leaves and stems extracts of the Erythroxylum species and the derived products have proved to be quite promising in the development of biotechnological products, especially the EMCERIII extract which due to its high antioxidant and antibacterial power can be used in the development of cosmetics.

infectious disease that usually affects small ruminants, compromising the economics of small producers and agribusiness regions. The infection in human occurs by the handling of animals, consumption of its raw derivatives or in laboratories, with few cases described and only one study in Brazil. Animal diagnosis is relatively easy, but in humans it presents complications. Bacteriological culture derived from cheesy content, followed by biochemical tests is currently the gold standard test. Objective: The present work aims to evaluate and compare bacterial growth and antigen production to evaluate the human seroreactivity of three strains of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. Methods: For bacterial counts and cell viability study in FACSCalibur (BD) cultures of the VD57 strain for the three times (24, 48, 72 hours) and comparison with strains CAP3W (21) and CAPJ4 (76) were carried out in 24 and 48 hours. For the production of the antigen, the supernatant of the VD57, CAP3W (21) and CAPJ4 (76), semi-purified by three phase partitioning (TPP) strains was used with 48 hours culture supernatant. Extract was produced in medium with and without Tween only for CAPJ4 strain (76). The electrophoretic profile of the four extracts was analyzed by SDS-PAGE in 12% gel and the Western blot analysis was performed with a pool of serum samples from the non-contacting group (composed of 4 participants with no history of contact with the bacteria or consumption of raw or (consisting of 4 individuals with contact history for activity in a microbiology laboratory) and the group contacting farm (composed of 4 individuals with a history of contact with infected animals). Results: FACs showed faster cell growth for VD57 strain with a 10-fold higher result than CAP3W (21) and CAPJ4 (76). The highest recorded cell viability was 48 hours, but no significant elevation of cell death was identified at 72 hours. The electrophoretic profile of the extracts produced revealed differences in protein expression among the three strains, as well as for cultures under different conditions for CAPJ4 (76). It was recorded intense human sororreativity to the four extracts, confirming the presence of antigenic proteins in all strains, but it was not possible to identify difference in the profile of recognition between the groups Buyers and NonContacters in all the extracts. Conclusion: The VD57 strain shows growth apex and viability in the 48 hours of culture and in the comparison between the three strains, it shows growth and viability superior to the others. The electrophoretic profile of the extracts of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis strains cultivated under the same conditions, present similarity in the number of bands and difference in molecular weight. The use of Tween-80 in the culture medium generates a 50% increase in the number of bands for CAPJ4 (76). All the Endereço: Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon s/n - Vale do Canela - CEP 40110-100 - Salvador / Bahia Tel : (71) 3283-8894Email: ppgbiotec@ufba.br Universidade Federal da Bahia Instituto de Ciências da Saúde Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia extracts produced present antigenicity for human serum, but it is not possible to discriminate the profile of the Contacters from the Non-Contact profile.

Allergies are type I immune hypersensitivity reactions, triggered by the binding of specific allergens to IgE antibodies that affect more than 25% of the world's population. In patients with allergic diseases and/or reactions, most of them are typically allergic to dust mites. Respiratory diseases caused by mites are treated with symptomatic medication or allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT), based on purified extracts of mite bodies, feces or both. However, the use of crude extracts in immunotherapy containing various uncharacterized allergens can lead to severe side effects and patient sensitization to the allergens present in the mixture. Bioinformatics and genetic engineering tools enable changes in the structure of complete allergens as well as in B or T cell epitope regions as a strategy for formulating hypoallergenic immunotherapies. The objective of this study is the creation and implementation of a structural bioinformatics analysis pipeline that allows the design of hypoallergenic mite proteins, maintaining their immunogenic capacities, for future applications in immunotherapies. Structural bioinformatics methodologies were used to analyze the structures of the Der p 1 and Der p 21 allergens of the Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus mite. Immunoinformatics tools were used to scan possible mutations in key epitopes for IgE binding. After effective implementation of the structural analysis pipeline, destabilizing mutations of the major epitope regions were selected according to the variation of Gibbs free energy (kcal/mol) relative to wild-type proteins. Four mutant versions of Der p 21 protein (mutations: E77G, D82P, E87S, and K110G) were designed and modeled, as well as three mutants of Der p 1 (mutations: D189A, R147D, D189A). Der p 21 mutant protein D82P is currently undergoing experimental validation and has shown promising hypoallergenization results. The results presented here will potentially contribute to the development of safer recombinant vaccines for dust mite allergies in the future.

The concomitance of outbreaks between different arboviruses such as Dengue, Zika virus and Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) with similar symptoms is of great concern in BRAZIL especially pointing to an accurate diagnosis. This study aims the diagnosis of CHIKV in patients with acute disease by analyzing the humoral immune response and the relationship with the protein profile of CHIKV. The methodology consisted of using polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique, antibodies detection by commercially available ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay), immuno rapid test, the analysis of protein pattern of chikv and its relationship with immune response. The results showed that the humoral immune response is mainly directed to the two viral glycoproteins E1 and E2. On the other hand, the viral presence in serum can still be detected in the presence of anti-CHIKV Immunoglobulin M, but not in the presence of anti-CHIKV IgG which invalidates the detection of viremia. The use of serological tests for commercial use showed that there was a correspondence of the results for the detection of anti-CHIKV IgM, however, for the detection of anti-CHIKV IgG the results were divergent. In conclusion, it has been shown that in individuals with acute disease, viral molecular diagnosis and the presence of anti-CHIKV IgM may coexist; however, the presence of anti-CHIKV IgG invalidates the viral presence and molecular viral diagnosis.

ntroduction: Several studies using helminths and their molecules have been based
on the immunomodulation generated by these parasites in the search for therapeutic
potentials against allergic, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. In this context,
through recombinant DNA technology it is possible to produce proteins from these
organisms for the elucidation and characterization of these molecules against
diseases. Objective: To identify the c4299 protein of Trichuris trichiura
(Trichuris_c4299) in the protein extract of adult worms of this helminth and to
recombinantly express the Trichuris_c4299 protein for immunogenic characterization.
Method: For the identification of Trichuris_c4299 in the extract of the adult Trichuris
trichiura worm, proteomic analysis was performed by mass spectrometry coupled to
liquid chromatography (LC / MS / MS) using the Q-ExactiveTM mass spectrometer.
The characterization of the protein was first performed in silico through bioinformatics
analyzes and, for this, predictions were made of the physical-chemical characteristics
using different tools. The gene encoding Trichuris_c4299 was synthesized by a
specialized company and cloned into expression vector pET28a(+).The recombinant
protein was expressed in prokaryotic system and purified by affinity chromatography
coupled to a HisTrap FF nickel column. Recombinant Trichuris_c4299
immunoreactivity was analyzed by immunological assays such as ELISA and Dot Blot
using serum from patients infected with Trichuris trichiura. Results: From the
proteomic analysis it was possible to identify Trichuris_c4299 in the protein extract of
adult males and females of Trichuris trichiura. Bioinformatics analysis enabled the
prediction of several useful features of Trichuris_c4299 for its recombinant production
in Escherichia coli. In addition, expression and purification of the recombinant protein
were standardized, and it was observed that it showed reactivity in the ELISA and Dot
Blot test, thus showing immunogenic potential. Conclusion: In this work it was
possible to determine the presence of Trichuris_c4299 in the proteome of the adult
worms of Trichuris trichiura and to carry out the standardization of expression and
purification of this protein. In addition, Trichuris_c4299 has been shown to exhibit
immunoreactivity in serum of infected patients. Therefore, this molecule is a new target
for future research on immunomodulation, whether for allergic diseases or for other
inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.

This research has been on the reuse of domestic and industrial waste for the cultivation of
microalgae as a strategy to reduce cost the processes of biomass production and, thus, to make
them commercially viable. The first study assessed the influence of wastewater-borne microbes
and glucose amendments in cultivation of microalgae. Growth of Chlorella vulgaris and
Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata were compared between sterilised and non-sterilized
experiments with treated domestic wastewater effluent as the main culturing medium. Presence
of bacteria reduced the production of total biomassa (less than 3x) and accumulation of lipids
(less than 2x), in other words, a competition with other microorganisms negatively influenced
in this both aspects. On the other hand, a combination of nitrogen and glucose demonstrated to
be a successful strategy to mitigate this negative effect, since the values were maintained when
compared to the means without microorganisms. The second study was evaluated Chlorella
vulgaris cultivation under sugarcane vinasse (i) crude vinasse, (ii) diluted vinasse, and (iv)
vinasse treated by anaerobic digestion. Antibiotics, nitrate and phosphate supplementation were
also evaluated. The diluted and supplemented vinasse with antibiotic, nitrate and phosphate
provided the best result in specific growth (14x higher) and in the accumulation of biomass
(12,5%) than diluted vinasse. While the treatment with vinasse treated by anaerobic digestion
with antibiotic obtained the best result with accumulation of lipids (2x higher) than the treated
vinasse. Therefore, the nutritional stress caused by nitrogen shortage in the vinasse treated by
anaerobic digestion may be influencing the accumulation of cellular lipid. Two treatments
mentioned above were the ones that presented the best responses for lipid productivity. The
third study involved the cultivation of Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata in two types of
sugarcane vinasse: diluted vinasse and treated vinasse or effluent from the anaerobic digester.
Nitrate and phosphate supplements were tested for culture media. The best biomass production
and lipid yield were obtained in the supplemented diluted vinasse treatment, approximately 2x
higher and 5,9x higher than its control, respectively. While for lipid productivity, the best results
were found in vinasse and supplemented vinasse. This research demonstrates the potential use
of domestic and industrial waste as a microalgae culture medium, not only for the generation
of biomass and lipids, but also for the organic treatment of these wastes with several types of
environmental impacts (eutrophication of water bodies, organic shock, chemical and physicalchemical
soil changes).

Caseous lymphadenitis (LC), a disease caused by the species Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, is responsible for reaching a large part of the sheep, causing a great negative impact on the production chain. Northeastern states have the highest number of prevalence cases, due to the concentration of the largest herds of goats and sheep in the country. As in the bacterial infection of CL, infections caused by parasites, for the most part, also generate enormous economic losses in the rearing of sheep. The etiological agent with the highest incidence of parasitic infections among sheep is Haemonchus contortus. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as important regulatory molecules of the immune system. Some miRNAs produced in infection by intracellular pathogens such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, for example, may negatively regulate the production of cytokines such as interferon-γ, thus increasing the resistance of the pathogen to the defense mechanisms. In order to evaluate the serum levels of miRNAs in sheep experimentally infected with C. pseudotuberculosis and in the co-infection with helminth Haemonchus contortus, correlating these levels with the intensity of the Th1 response is that this study was carried out. Fourteen sheep distributed in three groups: control (03), infected (06) and co-infected (05) were examined from blood samples and feces. Blood was used for the indirect ELISA for Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, IFN-γ assay (Bovigam) and quantification of microRNAs. Stool collection was used for coproculture and faecal parasitology (OPG). The ELISA detected a mild anti-Coryne serological reactivity in the infected ovine group and increased IgG antibody titers were observed in the groups of co-infected animals. Bovigam showed that cells stimulated with a non-specific positive control (PKW) secreted elevated levels of IFN-γ. The antigen challenge of the VD57 strain did not show differences at almost all times. Quantification of the microRNAs revealed that of the six microRNAs studied, three had expression (mir-29a, mir-29b and mir-99b) in the control, infected and co-infected groups throughout the experimental times studied