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Disertaciones |
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1
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SAMIRES MOURA MALAQUIAS PINHEIRO
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FORMATION OF AGGREGATE OIL MATERIAL OIL SUSPENSION (OSA) AND HPA DISPERSION IN THE ESTUARY OF RIO SÃO PAULO, BAHIA: A NORTEADORA TOOL FOR THE PREVENTION OF ECOTOXICOLOGICAL IMPACTS
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Líder : ICARO THIAGO ANDRADE MOREIRA
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MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
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ADRIANA COSTA FERREIRA
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ICARO THIAGO ANDRADE MOREIRA
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OLIVIA MARIA CORDEIRO DE OLIVEIRA
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Data: 08-mar-2019
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Resumen Espectáculo
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The estuarine regions are of great importance to the populations mainly due to the diversity of natural resources. They have great environmental, social and economic wealth, but for decades they are subject to the consequent impacts of anthropic activities. The objective was to observe the dispersion provided by the formation of oil-suspended particulate material aggregates (OSAs), to use the data obtained as a guiding tool in the prevention of ecotoxicological impacts. The characterization results indicate that although the region has important ecological functions, it is impacted by anthropic activities related to the operations of the oil and other industries, inadequate occupation of its banks and port practices that occur in the Baía de Todos so Santos. The degradation occurred could be characterized by dissolved oxygen values varying between 2.82 - 6.52 mgL-1, ammonia, in the sampling stations 10 to 13 varying between 1.4-1667 mgL-1, and nitrate, in the stations of (0.70 mg L -1), due to the concentration of metals associated with suspended particulate matter (SPM), which present risks ecosystems and by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in SPM of anthropogenic origin. Parallel to this, the formation results of the OSA indicate that the characteristics of the water collected at station P17 was the one that most dispersed PAHs to the water column (566,989.84 μg g -1). The biogeochemical characteristics that most influenced the formation of OSA were the concentrations of chlorophyll a and salinity. In general terms, there were higher dispersions for the water column, potentiating the biodegradation of these compounds by hydrocarboclastic organisms, increasing the ecotoxicity for pelagic organisms, however, reducing the ecotoxicological impacts associated with the presence of PAHs to benthic organisms. The exceptions were the stations: 2, 4, 7, 8, 14 and 18 that formed OSA with negative buoyancy and presented higher rich of ecotoxicological impacts for the substrate of the region. From the results found, it is possible to suggest that the areas of the sampling stations: 2, 4, 7, 8, 14 and 18 as a priority for the application of protective measures in case of oil spill accidents, although PAH concentrations of accordance with ERM (NOAA) presents ecotoxicological risks throughout the estuary. The simulation studies for the formation of OSAs presented relevant results both in predicting the dispersion of PAHs and as a guiding tool in the prevention and mitigation of ecotoxicological impacts in estuarine environments affected by hydrocarbons.
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2
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LUA MORENA LEONCIO DE OLIVEIRA
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INFLUENCE OF NUTRIENTS ON BIODEGRATION OF TOTAL OIL HYDROCARBONS (HTPs) DISPERSED BY OPS-OIL AGGREGATE TRAINING
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Líder : DANUSIA FERREIRA LIMA
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MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
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DANUSIA FERREIRA LIMA
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OLIVIA MARIA CORDEIRO DE OLIVEIRA
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ICARO THIAGO ANDRADE MOREIRA
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CLAUDIA YOLANDA REYES
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Data: 03-abr-2019
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Resumen Espectáculo
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Oil spills into the environment have been one of the biggest exemptions today, and it is necessary to recover areas impacted by oil, using the same technologies, biotechnologies that aid in the removal and / or biodegradation of oil in the environment. Suspended particulate amortization systems consist of a natural dispersion and oil biodegradation technique with oil droplet particles and suspended particulate matter (SPM). Biostimulation can increase the efficiency of biodegradation from OSAs formation. Thus, the central objective of the research was evaluated by laboratory tests, based on the concentration of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPHs) dispersed by Oil-MPS aggregates (OSAs). Biostimulation and autocorneal bioassistance were used in conjunction with the dispersion of a life cycle by the formation of OSAs, as a way to potentiate the biodegradation of HTPs from the addition of nutrients (N, P, K) and addition of microorganisms from the SPM collected in the São Paulo estuary. Before starting the experiment, a sample of the SPM and the water of the area of interest for the geochemical characterization of the TPHs and quantification of the nutrients were carried out. The experiment was carried out at the Nucleus of Environmental Systems Studies (NEA), located in the Institute of Geosciences of the Federal University of Bahia (IGEO / UFBA) and is part of the research project "Development of Multibioprocesses of Remediation". in coastal areas impacted by oil activities "- DEMBPETRO. The experiment consisted of a set of eight bioreactors with a volume of 20 L of salt water and a ventilation pump with capacity to pump 3000 L. h-1 was not carried out in a pioneering way, as it was the first experiment of formation of OSAs a be biostimulated. The biosorption unit is a new product, the SPM and the nutrients to salt water have been produced in the laboratory, having been of natural attenuation units to a single year and the SPM and the base units were added to the salt water only SPM and nutrients. Colony counts were counted at 0, 7, 15, 30 and 60 days, and quantification of TPHs as collected was performed at 0, 15, 30 and 60 days. Each time of sampling was withdrawn the anullitis for quantification of the species (nitrate, nitrite, ammonium and phosphate). Among the results found, biostimulated bioreactors were identified, there was a slight increase in the formation of negative buoyancy OSAs, an addition of nutrients in time 7 resulted in a higher growth of CFUs, but in 30 and 60 days the white bioreactors and natural attenuation increased growth . However, for a biodegradation of the TPHs a biostimulation was shown to have a mean of 98.12% degradation compared to 84.61% degradation of the natural attenuation units. Data were significantly significant for a critical analysis of hypersensitivity of TPHs.
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3
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LEONARDO LOPES SANTOS
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Ocurrence of organchlorine compounds in biota from Todos os Santos Bay, Bahia, Brazil
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Líder : JULIANA LEONEL
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MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
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JULIANA LEONEL
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TATIANE COMBI
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VANESSA HATJE
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Data: 09-abr-2019
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Resumen Espectáculo
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In order to evaluate contamination by PCBs in a tropical bay exposed to different anthropic pressures, samples of bivalves (mangrove oyster, mangrove mussel and clams) were collected in different parts of Todos os Santos Bay, Bahia, Brazil. In addition, samples of bivalves and fish, purchased in a seafood market in the city of Salvador were analyzed to study human exposure to PCBs through ingestion. Identification and quantification of PCBs were done by GC/MS after microwave extraction and purification with sulfuric acid. In samples of bivalves, concentrations ranged from <0.08 to 50.13 ng g -1 (dry weight), with the highest values being detected in mangrove oyster, followed by clams and mangrove mussel of the Subaé estuary and Madre de Deus/Mataripe; both regions known to be impacted by anthropic activities. Regarding fish samples, froma all 12 species analyzed, only 5 presented levels of PCBs above the detection limit, ranging from 0.23 to 4.55 ng g -1 and 0.51 to 26.05 ng g -1 by dry weight and lipid weight, respectively. In general, concentrations of PCBs in BTS are lower than in most regions around the world, especially those located in the Northern Hemisphere. Indexes showed that local biota should not feel adverse effects related to the presence of these contaminants, just as the consumption of the fish marketed in the city of Salvador apparently does not represent a clear risk to human health.
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4
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ADRIELLE BEATRICE DO Ó MARTINS
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Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon accumulation by Crassostrea rhizophorae: laboratory test and environmental application
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Líder : ANA CECILIA RIZZATTI DE ALBERGARIA BARBOSA
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MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
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DANUSIA FERREIRA LIMA
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ICARO THIAGO ANDRADE MOREIRA
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ANA CECILIA RIZZATTI DE ALBERGARIA BARBOSA
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SILVIO TAROU SASAKI
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Data: 29-abr-2019
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Resumen Espectáculo
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Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are toxic compounds whose main sources for the environment are anthropogenic. These include oil spills/by-products and the atmospheric deposition of compounds formed by the burning of fossil fuels. Studies of contamination by PAHs have been carried out in several matrices, including biological ones. One of the classes of organisms used are bivalves, such as the species Crassostrea rhizophorae. This, besides being used in human food, presents wide geographical distribution, is sessile and easy to sample. In addition, it has the capacity to filter 10 L of water per hour, concentrating the contaminants present in the place where it is found. These characteristics make this species a sentinel organism. Since bivalves have been widely used in biomonitoring studies, it’s important to perform laboratory tests to verify the behavior of their bioaccumulation in the presence of a contaminant. The present work had as objective to evaluate the capacity of bioaccumulation of PAHs by Crassostrea rhizophorae, through the execution of two studies. The first one aims to evaluate, on an experimental scale, the bioaccumulation behavior of oysters exposed to different concentrations of an oil of known composition and the second evaluated the concentration of bioaccumulated HPAs by oysters collected in the Todos os Santos Bay.
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5
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ANA CLARA BOMFIM RIBEIRO
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DETERMINATION OF SATURATED BIOMARKERS IN GENERATING ROCKS AND PETROLEUM EXTRACTS BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY COUPLED TO QUADRUPLE TRIPLE MASS SPECTROMETRY (CG-EM / EM)
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Líder : SERGIO LUIS COSTA FERREIRA
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MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
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MARIA CELESTE DA SILVA SAUTHIER
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MARIA ELISABETE MACHADO
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SERGIO LUIS COSTA FERREIRA
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Data: 10-may-2019
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Resumen Espectáculo
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The present work is derived from the project entitled "Advanced Molecular Characterization Project" belonging to the Center of Excellence in Oil Geochemistry of the Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), which received financial support from Royal Dutch Shell through the "Commitment to Investments in Research and Development "with the National Petroleum Agency (ANP), within the scope of GEOQPETROL Program. Saturated biomarkers of petroleum are highly complex organic compounds found in low concentrations in virtually all types of oils and source rocks. These biomarkers have been extensively investigated at the molecular level and used in geochemical diagnostic ratios to obtain information on the physicochemical conditions of the depositional paleoenvironment of the source rock, on the origin and input of the organic matter, the degree of thermal maturity and the level of biodegradation of the oils. The use of gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) makes it possible to identify these compounds, however, due to the complexity of the samples and the high intrinsic similarity to these types of compounds, it is necessary a more sensitive equipment allowing a higher level of sensitivity, as an example of the gas chromatograph coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (CG-MS / MS). The aim of this work was to optimize a method for analysis of source rock extracts and crude oil for determination the saturated biomarkers by GC-MS / MS in MRM mode and compare qualitatively and by multivariate statistical analysis the effects on the behavior of the diagnostic ratios, obtained by the modes SIM and MRM, used in the geochemical evaluations of depositional paleoenvironment of the source rock. Five crude oil samples and eight source rocks from Brazilian sedimentary basins with different characteristics were used. The extraction of soluble organic matter from the rocks was carried out by accelerated extraction of solvent and obtaining the saturated fraction by column chromatography. The results of the chromatographic analyses, in the SIM and MRM modes, showed that there were differences between the two modes, in relation to the resolution of certain compounds, as well as in the trend of increasing or decreasing diagnostic ratios widely employed in the depositional paleoenvironment. The GC-MS / MS technique in the MRM mode was more accurate for the group of rock extract samples than for the oils. However, for samples with a higher degree of maturity, as in the case of the oils studied, it is recommended to use GC-MS / MS in the MRM mode for the sterane family. The statistical analyses applied in this study, such as PCA and t-test, corroborated with the qualitative analyzes, since in general the samples were grouped according to their depositional paleoenvironments, showing differences between the monitoring modes used.
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6
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NAIARA CRISTINA PEREIRA DOS SANTOS
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BLACK MANGUE (AVICENNIA SCHAUERIANA) IN THE POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON PHYTOMEDIATION IN OIL CONTAMINED SEED
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Líder : ICARO THIAGO ANDRADE MOREIRA
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MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
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DANUSIA FERREIRA LIMA
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ICARO THIAGO ANDRADE MOREIRA
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RITA MARIA WESTE NANO CARVALHO
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Data: 16-may-2019
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Resumen Espectáculo
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In recent decades there have been numerous oil spills in seas and oceans, affecting mainly estuaries and mangroves. Among the major components of petroleum, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been recommended as priority pollutants by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) - because of their toxic, carcinogenic and mutagenic effects. Thus, issues involving marine environments have brought great concern, and it is imperative to apply measures that minimize the impacts generated by these activities. As for the mangrove ecosystem, one of the most important alternatives is phytoremediation. Therefore, in this study, a system was developed under laboratory conditions using Avicennia schaueriana, a mangrove species popularly known as a black mangrove, for phytoremediation of HPAs in mangrove sediments contaminated with crude oil. Intrinsic bioremediation was used as a reference experiment to verify the behavior of indigenous microorganisms. The system consisted in simulating the conditions similar to the mangrove for 3 months and in the intervals of 20, 40, 60 and 90 days the physical-chemical and biogeochemical parameters were analyzed. After 90 days, it was possible to verify that the natural attenuation experiment, when adding the concentrations of the 16 HPAs, obtained a reduction from 10,299 μg/kg to 5,315 μg/kg, however in the phytoremediation model the behavior was increased to to evaluate the sum of the 16 HPAs, going from 10,299 μg/kg to 16,187 μg/kg. This result indicates that phytoremediation with Avicennia schaueiana was mainly based on the phytoimobilization/phytostabilization mechanism, where the oil was retained in the rhizosphere. This behavior was favored by the interactions of HPAs with exudates released by the roots. The granulometric characteristics of the sediment was another factor that influenced the adsorption of HPAs to the sediment. Thus, experience has shown that phytoremediation with A. shaueriana is a promising alternative in the immobilization of PAHs in mangrove environments, requiring a larger scale of time and evaluation for association with other techniques, such as bioestimulation, in order to increase the efficiency in the recovery of environments impacted by HPAs from oil activities.
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7
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JÉSSICA VERÂNE LIMA DA SILVA
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Phytoremediation of Aromatic Polyclinic Hydrocarbons by Rhizophora mangle in mangrove sediment contaminated by crude oil
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Líder : ICARO THIAGO ANDRADE MOREIRA
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MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
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DANUSIA FERREIRA LIMA
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ICARO THIAGO ANDRADE MOREIRA
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RITA MARIA WESTE NANO CARVALHO
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Data: 16-may-2019
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Resumen Espectáculo
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Coastal ecosystems located near urban and industrial centers have been impacted by organic contaminants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). PAHs are formed by two or more condensed aromatic rings with carcinogenic, mutagenic, recalcitrant and toxic potential. The mangrove of the São Paulo estuary, north of Bahia de Todos os Santos (BTS), Bahia, is located in a region of intense anthropic activities, located on the edge of the Landaupho Alves de Mataripe Refinery (RLAM). Due to this reality, the objective of this study was to provide subsidies for remediation of mangrove sediment, applying the phytoremediation technique with red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle) seedlings in the laboratory to remediation the 16 HPAs considered by the State Environmental Protection Agency United States (USEPA). A phytoremediation system was developed, simulating approximate conditions of the mangrove environment, with seedlings cultivated for three months, in sediment artificially contaminated with crude oil from the Recôncavo Basin. As a reference system, there were units in the same conditions, but without the addition of the plant species, natural attenuation. The temporal monitoring of the bioprocesses was performed at intervals of 20, 40 and 90 days. The percentage of degradation of total PAH reached 60.76% (10,540.33 - 4,158.82 ng g-1) in phytoremediation after 90 days, while in natural attenuation this value was 49.57% (10,540.33 - 5,315.45 ng g-1). In summary, individual concentrations of PAHs at the end of the experiment were lower in 10 (Naphthalene, Fluorene, Phenanthrene, Anthracene, Fluoranthene, Pyrene, Chrysene, Benzo [b] Fluorantene, Benzo [k] Fluoranthene, Benzo [a] Pyrene) of the 16 HPAs in the rhizospheric soil than in the non-rhizospheric soil. In the natural attenuation, 4 (Benzo [a] Anthracene, Indeno [123, cd] Pyrene, Dibenzo [ah] Anthracene, Benzo [ghi] Perylene) of the 16 HPAs were in lower concentrations than in phytoremediation. The remaining two (Acenaphthylene and Acenaftene) obtained values above the initial, for both experiments. PAHs consisting of 2, 3 and 5 aromatic rings, obtained higher degradation in phytoremediation (37.57%, 69.71% and 29.73%, respectively). In contrast, HPAs with 4 and 6 aromatic rings obtained better degradation in the natural attenuation, representing 52.39% - 22.24% respectively. Regarding the Rhizophora mangle seedlings, there were no significant differences between the contaminated and control simulation units, with both occurrence of deformations in the leaves, and appearance of shoots. Phytoremediation with Rhizophora mangle showed efficiency in the remediation of mangrove environments, although there were no significant differences between natural attenuation. It is necessary to study the microorganisms associated with the rhizosphere of the species and interactions that occur between pollutant exudates.
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8
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URÂNIA CATARINA FREIRE FAGUNDES DE BRITO CONCEIÇÃO
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GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE PETROLEUM SYSTEM SANTA BRÍGIDA-SERGI (?) FOR THE NORTH TUCANO SUB-BASIN AND JATOBÁ BASIN, BRAZIL
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Líder : OLIVIA MARIA CORDEIRO DE OLIVEIRA
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MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
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KARINA SANTOS GARCIA
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OLIVIA MARIA CORDEIRO DE OLIVEIRA
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RODOLFO DINO
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Data: 05-jul-2019
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Resumen Espectáculo
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The Santa Brígida Formation (Permian) occurs at the base of the stratigraphic column of the Tucano Norte Sub-Basin and the Jatobá Basin, along with other Paleozoic units. This unit appears in the Santa Brígida Graben, located around its homonymous city, east of the Tucano Norte Sub-Basin. The Ingá Member of the Santa Brigida Formation consists of pelitic facies, which were evaluated for their potential for oil. In the Jatobá Basin, near the city of Ibimirim/PE, there is an occurrence of Jurassic-Cretaceous sandstones with oil exudation in fractures, whose oil extract was analyzed geochemically, seeking to investigate the possible rock generating this exudation. Therefore, samples of the pellets of the Ingá Member were collected in the locality known as Fazenda Barriga, some of which presented Total Organic Carbon (TOC) levels varying from 1.89% to 6.7%, which allowed to classify these samples with levels of high to very high. Rock-Eval pyrolysis showed an excellent generating potential (S2 up to 46 kg / ton). Some samples are characteristically constituted by type I kerogen and others type II. However, such samples are immature (Tmax ~ 420°C). The sedimentological and palynological evidences indicate that the paleoenvironment predominant during the deposition was hot and dry. These samples predominantly present autochthonous components represented by globose amorphous organic matter (~ 90%), subordinated by pollen grains of bissacados-taenias, similar to conifers, spores and rare fragments of algae of the genus Botryococcus The organic and oily extracts present fingerprint with absence of the low and high molecular weight n-alkanes, showing that these fractions of the oil were biodegraded. The comparison between the mass chromatograms (m / z 191 and 217), as well as some saturated biomarkers, the organic extract of the pellets of the Ingá Member and the oily extract of the Jurassic-Cretaceous sandstones, indicative of the origin of the organic matter and conditions paleoenvironmental, show some correlation between both, allowing to interpret that the Ingá Member of the Santa Brígida Formation like the probable source rock of the oil exudation present in the Jurassic-Cretaceous sandstones in the Jatobá Basin. In the North Tucano Sub-basin, the analytical results indicate the probable existence of a very good source rock in the Permian sediments, configuring the possibility of a petroleum system Santa Brígida-Sergi (?). However, the North Tucano Sub-Basin has a sedimentary thickness of about only 3,000 m, which, at first, would be insufficient for the generation of oil only by the heat of thermal subsidence. In this way, it is interpreted that part of the overburden necessary for the generation of oil in this basin has been removed by erosion during the Alagoas (Aptiano).
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9
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DIEGO NERY DO AMARAL
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DEPOSITIONAL PALEO ENVIRONMENT OF THE FLOWERING FOLHLETS ALONG THE SOUTH COMPARTMENT OF THE RECONNAVAL BOWL, BAHIA, BRAZIL
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Líder : LUIZ CARLOS LOBATO DOS SANTOS
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MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
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ALEXANDRE BARRETO COSTA
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CONSUELO LIMA NAVARRO DE ANDRADE
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KARINA SANTOS GARCIA
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RODOLFO DINO
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Data: 05-jul-2019
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Resumen Espectáculo
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The present work had as objective to evaluate the potential for hydrocarbon generation and the paleodepositional conditions in outcropping shales in the Recôncavo Basin, from the organic geochemical characterization and analysis of palynofacies. For this, 23 samples of outcrops were collected along the Southern Compartment of the basin, near the cities of Santo Amaro, São Francisco do Conde and Simões Filho, state of Bahia. The TOC contents found in the collected samples vary between 0.06% and 6.77%, thus making a great difference in the conditions of production and preservation of the organic matter. The IR values ranged from 68.49% to 91.01%, indicating changes in the depositional paleoenvironment, which was favored by mixed sedimentation (marbles and carbonate shales), time by predominantly siliciclastic sedimentation (shales with low associated carbonate). As for sulfur, the values close to zero are compatible with the proposal of deposition in the lacustrine continental environment. The parameters provided by the Rock-Eval pyrolysis also depict the variations proposed in the Candeias Formation. It is possible to observe that the samples that present the highest values of potential generator (S2) are those that have higher TOC contents, being this characteristic justified by the quality of the organic matter. Samples with good potential for hydrocarbon generation have high HI values and low OI values, signaling to type I kerogen. Samples with little or no potential have high IO values, configuring type residual kerogen (oxidized O.M.). By analyzing the HTPs, the contribution of lacustrine organic matter is explicit by the ratio of odd-chain alkanes to the even-chain alkanes (carbon preferential index). Also in this analysis, the ratio between the isoprenoids Pristane and Phytane indicate differences between anoxic and oxic environments, corroborating the interpretation on variations in the depositional paleoenvironment of the Candeias Formation. The evaluation of the saturated biomarkers allows to affirm that the organic matter present in the samples has lacustrine origin of fresh water (but with variations between conditions with fresh/brackish water), input of algal material and superior vegetables, with all the samples presenting low termal maturity for hydrocarbon generation. This organic matter input and oxy-reduction potential changes are confirmed by the results of δ13C ratios. Very negative values (<-28 ‰) are related to lipid constituents, mainly from freshwater algae deposited in low oxidant conditions, while the less negative values (<-25 ‰) indicate lower algae contributions and more oxidizing conditions. The analysis of palinofacies shows that there is predominance of amorphous organic matter (AOM) in the samples, with subordinate quantities of phytoclasts and palynomorphs. Different states of preservation, qualified by different fluorescence intensities of the organic constituents (yellow-greenish to brown), prove the type I and IV (residual) kerogens. Correlating the data of organic geochemistry with those of palynofacies, it is possible to delimit more accurately the different organic facies identified, denoting that in the time of deposition of the shales there were variations in the depositional environment, ranging from conditions of deep lake, with tectonic influence and arid climate, associating large quantities and good quality of organic matter, until wet climatic phases, prevailing influence under the efflux of water (positive balance), not providing conditions for the production and preservation of O.M.
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10
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NICOLAS STEVAM AMANCIO DE OLIVEIRA
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THERMAL MATURITY, POTENTIAL GENERATOR AND 1D MODELING OF THE PETROLEUM SYSTEM OF THE PITCHER TRAINING IN THE NORTHERN CENTER OF THE PARNAÍBA BOWL, BRAZIL
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Líder : JOIL JOSE CELINO
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MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
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HELIO JORGE PORTUGAL SEVERIANO RIBEIRO
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JOIL JOSE CELINO
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OLIVIA MARIA CORDEIRO DE OLIVEIRA
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Data: 09-jul-2019
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Resumen Espectáculo
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The Parnaíba basin is considered to be an unexplored boundary, with areas favorable to generation of hydrocarbons when compared to other similar basins. In geochemical characterization and 1D modeling on Pimenteiras Formation shale used data of total organic carbon (TOC) and Rock-Eval pyrolysis of 6 wells located in central-north portion of basin. These data were requested from ANP database - Agency Nacional of Oil, Gas and Biofuels and to elaborate a hypothetical well (PH) in the study area. This dissertation has an objective to evaluate maturity and potential hydrocarbon generation by devonian source rocks of Pimenteiras Formation. It combined geochemical analyzes with one-dimensional modeling of burial history, thermal maturity and oil generation time to evaluate potential of source rock for non-conventional exploration. The TOC results of this study present average values, which can be reflected in the low values of S1 and S2 of Pimenteiras Formation. The type of kerogen as a function of values in van Krevelen type diagram is predominant of type II / III, and therefore considered marine / terrestrial. The wells analyses showed that intervals may present low HI values due to a possible influence of the heat of igneous rocks present in region, which is also observed in van Krevelen type diagram, which shows type IV organic matter, especially in the wells that have thicker intrusions. The geochemical results, combined with regional tectonics, stratigraphy and sedimentological conditions, were implemented in burial history in maturation models of hypothetical (PH) and reals wells. In that case hydrocarbon transformation rates ranging from 10.00% to 99.66% and potentialities found for oil generation between 12.31 and 42.92 mg HC g-1 TOC. The simulations showed that shales have highest potentials for gas generation with a maximum HI found of 443.61 mg HC g-1 COT, and in the maximum hypothetical well of 157.10 mg HC g-1 COT. Formation also showed % Ro and IH is at the beginning of oil generation window or already exceeded. The transformation rate manifests that there is kerogen generation in the source rock, however potential generations graphs of oil do not. Corroborated with an interpretation. of greater gas generation than oil. Thus, it is concluded that values of analyzed parameters are not sufficient to make a viable exploration for oil in the study area, compared to displayed potential of gas generation. Thus, it can be explained that region studied did not reach the thermal maturity required to generate significant amount of oil production in the basin. This was also interpreted initially by van Krevelen type diagram and Tmax values, which indicated little thermal evolution. That is, source rock is immature in general. Moreover, the results and methods of this study can be easily extrapolated to restrict the evolution of Parnaiba basin in nearby exploratory fields for gas. Finally, the research performed is significant to assist in exploration of basin itself and in other intracratonic basins with similar characteristics.
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11
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NEILA CALDAS ABREU
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DEPOSITIONAL PALEO ENVIRONMENT OF NEO-DEVONIAN SECTION PIMENTEIRAS FORMATION, WEST EDGE OF PARNAÍBA BASIN.
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Líder : KARINA SANTOS GARCIA
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MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
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KARINA SANTOS GARCIA
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LUIZ CARLOS LOBATO DOS SANTOS
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LUZIA ANTONIOLI
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Data: 30-ago-2019
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Resumen Espectáculo
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The Parnaíba Sedimentary Basin is located in northeastern Brazil in greater proportion and occupies approximately 600,000 km², has a thickness of sedimentary column reaching about 3,500 m and is distributed across the states of Piauí, Maranhão, Pará, Tocantins, Bahia and Ceará. Of its Formations, the main highlight is the Pimenteiras Formation, which was deposited during successive transgressions and marine regressions during the Devonian. During the deposition of this formation in the Frasnian age, there was the event of global anoxia through a large marine flood and a period of mass extinction on Earth. The objective of the present work is to describe the depositional paleoenvironment of Neo Devonian shales of the Pimenteiras Formation on the western edge of the Parnaíba Basin. The samples were collected in Aparecida do Rio Negro (TO), in outcrops along the highway, where there were black shales and a possible contact between the Pepper and Head Formations. The characterization of the depositional environment by geochemistry and palinofacies, allowed to evaluate the depositional conditions with proximal tendencies along the studied section. The total organic carbon index (TOC: 0.21 - 2.43%) results show low to high hydrocarbon generation potential. Data from rock-eval pyrolysis suggest little or no natural generation and also thermal immaturity, presenting a low free hydrocarbon content (S1) and low Tmax values. S2 values indicated low hydrocarbon potential. The results of the readings of the 300 organic components in palynological slides of shale samples, present the main groups of organic matter: Palinomorphs, Phytoclasts and Amorphous Organic Matter (MOA). Some samples resulted from deposition in an environment with high preservation potential and low energy with large amount of MOA, but with toxic environment. Other samples presented environments close to terrestrial sources, with greater presence of spores and phytoclasts. A large number of prasinophytes belonging to the genera Pterospermella, Cymatiosphaera, Durvenaysphaera, Leiosperidia, Tasmanites, Hemiruptia and Maranhites were identified, indicating that there was marine ingress, stating a period of great flooding. The analysis of the organic carbon isotopes (δ13C) presented values that ranged from -25.9 to -29.5 characteristic values of marine environment and terrestrial environment. Saturated biomarkers with distribution of the regular C27-C28-C29 steranes also suggest an alternation in the input of the predominantly terrestrial organic matter.
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12
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ISADORA MACHADO MARQUES
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Biogeochemical investigation of HPAs removal from petroleum-produced water using marine microalgae photobioreactors
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Líder : ICARO THIAGO ANDRADE MOREIRA
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MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
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ALICE COSTA KIPERSTOK
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EMERSON ANDRADE SALES
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ICARO THIAGO ANDRADE MOREIRA
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OLIVIA MARIA CORDEIRO DE OLIVEIRA
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Data: 26-sep-2019
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Resumen Espectáculo
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During oil exploration, there is a simultaneous generation of an aqueous effluent called produced water, which contains mainly metals (such as Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Ni, Zn, Fe), chemicals (corrosion inhibitors and demulsifiers) and oils. scattered. Some of these oily components are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (HPA), compounds containing two or more aromatic rings and a hydrophobic and lipophilic double bond system, being recalcitrant, carcinogenic, teratogenic and mutagenic pollutants when bioavailable in the environmental matrix. Advances in technology allow the use of techniques such as phytoremediation, which is one of the biotechnologies available for treatment of different types of effluents using photosynthetic microorganisms. The objective of the present work is to biogeochemically evaluate the potential of removing HPAs and metals for the treatment of petroleum produced water using a photobioreactor system with the marine microalgae Nannochloropsis oculata. A set of photobioreactors with different concentration gradients was made to test the treatment of the produced water. The concentrations of water produced diluted in saline water (% v / v) were: PBR (photobioreactors) 1 (0%), 2 (25%), 3 (50%), 4 (75%) and 5 (100%) . Microalgal growth was monitored daily and found adaptation at all concentrations of water produced, with a cell concentration of 5.24 107 cell no. Ml-1 for PBR 2, 4.09 107 cell no. Ml-1 for PBR 3, 2, 77 107 nº cel ml-1 for PBR 4. The microalgae presented adaptation to the new culture medium with up to 100%, remaining constant. Total removal of HPAs in the produced water was 94%. Organic compounds such as naphthalene, benzo (a) pyrene, benzo (b) fluoranthene and acenaphthylene showed higher removal percentages, ranging from 89 to 99% efficiency at all concentrations. Only iron and zinc were the detected metals, where Fe showed a 100% reduction in all PBRs, but Zn increased in the medium due to the formation of precipitated crystals. The marine microalgae cultivated in photobioreactors showed potential for removal of HPAs in produced waters.
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Tesis |
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1
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RUI JESUS LORENZO GARCIA
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EMPLOYMENT OF TRANSITION ELEMENTS AND INTERNAL TRANSITION IN THE EVALUATION OF DEPOSITIONAL PALEOAMBIENTES OF OIL GENERATING ROCKS
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Líder : ANTONIO FERNANDO DE SOUZA QUEIROZ
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MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
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OLIVIA MARIA CORDEIRO DE OLIVEIRA
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LEONARDO SENA GOMES TEIXEIRA
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ANTONIO FERNANDO DE SOUZA QUEIROZ
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LUIZ ROGERIO PINHO DE ANDRADE LIMA
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JEFFERSON MORTATTI
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Data: 11-abr-2019
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Resumen Espectáculo
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The present work is part of Project 3 entitled "Calibration of Optical and Molecular Parameters of Maturation of Non-Conventional Source Rocks" belonging to the Program: Formation of the Center of Excellence in Petroleum Geochemistry of the Institute of Geosciences of the Federal University of Bahia (UFBA) - GEOQPETROL ", financed by BG-SHELL Brazil, through the agreement BG E & P Brazil Ltda – UFBA - FAPEX. The main objective of this work is to evaluate the concentrations or ratios concentrations for transition elements (Co, Ni, V, and Mo) and internal transition (La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Tm, Yb, Lu and U) as a parameter for the inorganic geochemical characterization of shales, in outcrops of the Parnaíba and Parana Basins The use of the Ni / Co versus V / Ni ratios were used to characterize the origin of organic matter, whether lacustrine, transitional or marine; the U/Mo ratio for the characterization of the presence / absence of hydrogen sulphide; V / V + Ni, V / Ni and Ni / Co as indicators of the paleoenvironment conditions of deposition (oxic / anoxic); the Vversus Ni used for characterization of the organic matter deposition environment. The sum of the concentrations of rare earth elements (ETR) La-Lu, suggested the existence of several sets of samples containing kerogens of different origins. The higher concentration level of the ETR summation in the samples from the top of the outcrop, for Fm Pimenteiras and Fm Ponta Grossa, was due to the complexation of these by type II or II/III kerogen, present in these samples in higher concentrations. The Fm Irati samples, in spite of the total organic carbon concentration (TOC), presented numerically higher value in percentage concentration, presented a value for the sum of the lower ETR due to their complexation by type I kerogen. The determinations were performed for Ni and V for ICPOES, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Tm, Yb, Lu and U via ICP-MS. The results for the mentioned parameters were validated for the Pimenteiras Formations, Irati and Ponta Grossa, in the samples of the outcrops studied, whose knowledge of petroleum geochemistry and petroleum potential is already established for these formations through traditional organic geochemistry use of analytical techniques to determine the total organic carbon content (TOC), total sulfur, data from the Rock Eval pyrolysis and saturated biomarkers ratios. For the Parnaiba Basin the transition and internal transition elements were studied in outcrop samples of the Pimenteiras Formation, whose period of deposition occurred during the Devonian (Frasnian-Famenian). For the Paraná Basin the transition and internal transition elements were studied in outcrops samples of Irati Formation (Amaral Machado Quarry) whose period of deposition occurred during the Permian, and of Ponta Grossa Formation (Rivadavia section) whose period of deposition occurred during Devonian (Praguiano-Ensian))
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2
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GILSON BARBOSA DOURADO
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Adjustment of Generalized Additive Model and identification of Space Pattern in Geochemical Data of Madre de Deus Municipality
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Líder : GISELE MARA HADLICH
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MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
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ANTONIO FERNANDO DE SOUZA QUEIROZ
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DENISE NUNES VIOLA
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GIOVANA OLIVEIRA SILVA
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GISELE MARA HADLICH
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JOIL JOSE CELINO
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SERGIO AUGUSTO DE MORAIS NASCIMENTO
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Data: 27-jun-2019
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Resumen Espectáculo
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The objective of this research was to analyze and model the behavior of inorganic geochemistry parameters in soils and sediments in the Bay of All Saints (BTS), Bahia, specifically in the municipality of Madre de Deus. It also aimed to deal with spatial sampling in Geochemistry. Geostatistical methods link spatial aspects with random aspects of data. These methods are based on the theory of regionalized variables from which it is possible to study the spatial structure, making it possible to calculate the error made in the evaluation, taking into account the actual position of the samples. Initially, for a better knowledge of the bibliographic material on the subject, a study was carried out on the scientific mapping related to research published in periodicals indexed in Scopus, pertinent to the spatial sampling to observe the evolution of the forms of approach. The analyzes were performed through software R with the bibliometrix package / tool. There was an increase in the number of articles published over the evaluated years (2007 to 2017); the United States of America and China are the countries with the largest number of publications on the subject. The most frequent keywords in the article summaries and in the titles were mapped, showing the increasing use in the area of geosciences of increasingly sophisticated statistical tools in problem solutions. A linear regression model was then constructed using the GAMLSS to understand the influence of physical and chemical parameters on the reduced partition index (IR) of apicuns geochemical fractions in Madre de Deus. IR quantitatively describes the distribution of the metal in the fractions in a range of 0 to 1, and was applied to 14 sediment samples. Concentrations of Cu, Cr and Ni metals were obtained in each geochemical fraction (exchangeable, bound to carbonates, bound to organic matter, bound to Fe and Mn oxides-hydroxides, and in residual form) and IR was calculated for each metal analyzed. To model the behavior of physical and chemical parameters (pH, Eh, salinity, granulometry, organic matter - OM, cation exchange capacity (CTC), total nitrogen (N) and assimilable phosphorus (P)), as variable of interest and said parameters as the set of explanatory variables. The pH, Eh and sand variables influenced the distribution of metals. The influence of salinity was verified only for Cu and Ni, and not for Cr. The GAMLSS models have produced consistent results for apicum that show high dispersion in the data, demonstrating that more sophisticated regression models can be used in the modeling of environmental data. Finally, a study was carried out to identify the existence of a spatial pattern of inorganic and metal geochemical parameters in soils and sediments in Madre de Deus using geostatistical techniques and multivariate analysis (Exploratory Factor Analysis). Initially, a robust factor analysis was performed, which generated four factors that together represented 81.6% of the total data variation. The data did not present normal distribution and it was not possible to make the variogram to verify the existence of spatial pattern, choosing the Mantel randomization test. According to this test, metals, physical and chemical parameters have a spatial pattern, indicating that these quantities / concentrations are spatially autocorrelated.
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3
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MARCIO DE JESUS SILVA
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Heterogeneous photocatalysis with TiO2 and Fe-TiO2 and photolysis of aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons on mangrove sediment.
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Líder : JOIL JOSE CELINO
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MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
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CESÁRIO FRANCISCO DAS VIRGENS
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GILSON BARBOSA DOURADO
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JOIL JOSE CELINO
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JUCELINO BALBINO DA SILVA JÚNIOR
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RENNAN GEOVANNY OLIVEIRA ARAUJO
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Data: 30-sep-2019
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Resumen Espectáculo
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The inclusion of recalcitrant organic pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from petrochemical industries in the mangrove ecosystem has motivated the development of technologies for the remediation of this environment. These remediation technologies include advanced oxidative processes (AOPs) because of their high efficiency in degrading organic pollutants. AOPs are based on the formation of chemical species with oxidative power, mainly hydroxyl radicals (● OH). Heterogeneous photocatalysis has been widely used to generate ● OH through a semiconductor with or without modification. In this sense, the objective of this research was to investigate the efficiency of the photocatalytic process using TiO2 and Fe-TiO2 in petroleum contaminated sediment samples. To this end, a complete factorial design 22, with a triplicate of the central point, was developed to evaluate the effects of catalyst mass and HPA photodegradation time on mangrove sediment. These experiments were performed with a mass of 1g of sediment contaminated with standard HPAs 0.25mg kg-1 solution. Multiple response (MR) was applied in order to establish a simultaneous experimental condition for the photodegradation of analytes (Acenaphthylene (AcNf), Acenaphthene (AcN), Anthracene (AN), Benzo (a) Antracene (BaA), Indene (1, 2,3cd) Pyrene (IP), Dibenzo (ah) Anthracene (DahA)) under study. The percentage of PAHs photodegradation was 40.29 to 95.73%. The MR indicated that the best experimental condition is at the central point. with mass equal to 0.5g and time equal to 12 hours Under these conditions the kinetic parameters were performed and these parameters were in accordance with the data in the literature. The heterogeneous photocatalysis and photolysis processes were applied to a sediment contaminated by standard solution and crude oil under the optimized experimental conditions. The studies were intensified in the aromatic fraction of crude oil. The nonparametric test was used to evaluate the difference between the processes at the 5% significance level were statistically different in the standard solution. However, in the aromatic fraction there was no significant difference between the process. Data modeling of the standard solution indicated that photocatalysis has a higher efficiency for degrading HPAs than photolysis. The efficiency of Fe-TiO2 was evaluated against TiO2 in oils with different characteristics. These characteristics were confirmed by geochemical data and statistical tests. Fe-TiO2 showed higher efficiency compared to TiO2, but the complexity of the oil sample influences the photocatalytic degradation process.
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