REGIONAL IMPLICATIONS OF FUNDING DIFUSION OF BNDES, THROUGH THE NATIONAL BANKING SYSTEM: ASSESSMENT OF POSSIBLE RESTRICTIONS OF MUNICIPALITY ACCESSS TO SUCH FINANCING.
Monetary Theory. Post-keynesian Theory. Regional Finances. BNDES. Development Financing
The objective of this research is to evaluate BNDES financing granting mechanisms, in the indirect operations modality, that is, those performed through agents. This theme is justified, on the one hand, by the importance of this Agency in the financing of investments in the country, on the other, by the fact that this operational modality allows the diffusion of BNDES financing throughout the national territory, benefiting mainly small and medium enterprises. Another important aspect is that indirect operations accounted for more than half of the Agency's total funding over the last fifteen years. Due to the relevance of this source of investment financing and the modality used for its territorial diffusion, which involves the participation of the National Financial System, it would be desirable for financial institutions to act neutrally in providing such resources. Financial institutions, however, are companies that have business strategies, compete for market share and seek, through their operations, to build a portfolio of assets that generate the greatest return in time for their controllers and managers. This procedure ends up interfering with credit availability. In order to analyze these issues, a post-Keynesian analytical perspective will be adopted, which includes elements capable of accounting for the implications of the behavior of the banking firm on the offer of credit, and in particular the financing through BNDES onlending. The literature points out that these problems in credit supply occur both nationally and regionally. Therefore, the research seeks to evaluate the limitations in the regional offer of BNDES financing, in the indirect operations modality, resulting from the conduct of financial institutions. Using an annual series of financial and economic data for Brazilian municipalities, variables were constructed to be tested using an econometric model. The main results extracted from the tests are: first of all, the irrelevance of preference for liquidity in explaining financing to municipalities; second, the importance of uncertainty in regional funding discrimination, which becomes larger, the smaller the municipality; and the importance of per capita GDP as a structural element in explaining this supply of financing.