Banca de DEFESA: IVANILDO DE JESUS GAMA

PERCEPTIONS OF HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS ABOUT THE TRANSFUSION PROCESS IN A HOSPITAL UNIVERSITY OF BAHIA

Blood transfusion; Blood safety; professional knowledge and practice.

Hemotherapy Services (HS) bring together a diversity of health professionals who deal with the
transfusion process, from recruiting donors, and extending to the transfusion of blood
components into the recipient and post-transfusion monitoring. This study aims to develop the
transfusion process by health professionals. The general objective of this study was defined as:
analyzing the perceptions of health professionals regarding technical and managerial
knowledge/knowledge and skills/practices for the development of the transfusion process
suitable for the rational and safe use of blood. Specific objectives were set: to produce a
synthesis of skills and abilities for health professionals involved in the transfusion process;
characterize the profile of health professionals involved in the transfusion process carried out
in a university hospital; identify the perception of health professionals involved in the
transfusion process about their knowledge, skills, potential and limits. Exploratory study with
a qualitative approach, carried out based on document review and application of a form to health
professionals at a public university hospital in the state of Bahia. Using Google Forms, 30
healthcare professionals voluntarily participated in the study. To analyze the findings, the
content analysis technique was used. The project of this study was approved by the Research
Ethics Committee. A synthesis matrix of competencies and skills of professionals involved in
the transfusion process was produced, constituting content for technical material that guides
health services and professionals on specific and common actions in the transfusion process.
The findings from the participation of the interviewees generated five thematic categories: 1)
Conceptions about the transfusion act and reasons for indicating transfusion of blood
components, which were perceived in a restricted way from the moment of transfusion until the
conception of a systematized process for which the indication must be careful and specific; 2)
Knowledge for the development of the transfusion process, defined as: theoretical knowledge,
current legal standards, transfusion practice, conditions for safe transfusion, rational use of
blood and blood components and technical and managerial knowledge; 3) Transfusion reactions
and conduct, the recognition of which is related to the practice and daily life of services that
involve direct patient care, requiring that all professionals involved in the process are trained to
recognition and action; 4) The skills and competencies were defined beyond practical
knowledge, but with the articulation of personal attributes that in synergy build the necessary
competencies; 5) The difficulties reported relate to structural aspects such as deficiencies in
inputs, personnel and technical training, but present potential as mainly human resources,
committed and cohesive with the work; 6) The challenge of maintaining the quality of processes
and the need for improvement, technical and managerial training, personnel adaptation and
process modernization aiming at the good development of the transfusion process. Therefore,
the study sought to demonstrate the transfusion process through the perception of those who
participate, and whether it is fundamental to therapeutic success or which may interfere in some
way with the transfusion act. It was possible to verify the great concern of the respondents
regarding multidisciplinary responsibility in the process considered technical, difficult,
judicious, strictly standardized and, according to the participants, with challenges of structuring
and disseminating knowledge for all professional categories involved. It is concluded that
within the limits of each category involved in the transfusion process, professionals carry out
their activities within normative and legal limits, the perspective and desire for training,
accurate information, training so that the transfusion act can be carried out safely is unanimous.
by the professional who performs it.