THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF ELISA FROTA-PESSÔA AND NEUSA AMATO TO RESEARCH IN COSMIC RAYS IN BRAZIL AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR PHYSICS TEACHING
Feminist Critic of Science. Feminist Epistemologies. History of Women in Science. Historiography of Sciences in Brazil. Cosmic Rays.
This work is dedicated to presenting contributions from women scientists, specifically two Brazilian women, to compose a possible network of specialists in the area of Cosmic Rays. In addition, we discussed how the work performed by them in laboratories in Brazil brought significant scientific advances in Physics and other areas of Science. For this, this thesis is divided into three parallel and complementary studies. The first study aims to contribute to a new history of the institutionalization of Physics in Brazil, based on the contributions and biography of the physicist Elisa Frota-Pêssoa; the second, following the same commitment to make visible the History of women in Brazilian physics, aims to present the trajectory and collaborations of Neusa Amato for the physical and experimental research carried out in the nuclear emulsions laboratories at the Brazilian Center for Physical Research (CBPF) . The third and last article, finally, explores a feminist epistemological perspective to, from the trajectories of Elisa and Neusa, identify and theorize about the phenomenon of the historical erasure of women in Brazilian science school curricula, which we have come to name Elisa Effect. As a possible way to minimize this effect, Design Principles were proposed for the creation of Didactic Sequences of Cosmic Rays in High School, aiming to incorporate social diversity and promote gender equity in High School curricula. We hope that this research fills gaps in the themes of Gender and History of Science in Brazil, highlighting the role of women in scientific construction, especially in Cosmic Rays.