Brazil of fiction: Posthumous memories of Brás Cubas, by Machado de Assis, and the Sad end of Polucarpo Quaresma, by Lima Barreto.
Machado de Assis, Lima Barreto, Literature, Criticism, Historical process.
This study aimed to establish the literary dialogue between Machado de Assis and Lima Barreto, writers of fundamental importance for the development of Brazilian Literature, whose productions, which include novels, short stories, chronicles, literary criticism, essays and articles on Brazilian literary and cultural production, have as their historical background the 19th century, between the Second Reign and the first decades of the republican phase. In this historical arc, Machado de Assis (1839-1908) and Lima Barreto (1881-1922), both afro-descendants, black, of modest origin, with ancestors who were victims of human trafficking into slavery, lived experiences derived from the social and political dynamics of the nineteen Brazilian. These trajectories, from Morro do Livramento to Brazilian Academy of Letters, for Machado, and between the fluminense suburbs, public offices and the mental hospital, for Lima, are resumed, in this study, under the prism of the skeptical and critical worldview revealed by the two writers, as well as leaven for aesthetic-literary creation, based on the artistic and literary projects of Machado and Lima. Such social dynamics, based on the hierarchy of class and races, resulted in spurious relations of class dependence, racism and exclusion of the poor and marginalized strata in Brazil between the Empire of D. Pedro II and the Republic, in its beginnings with a lively militaristic and authoritarian bias, these themes were reconfigured, under varied fictional and interpretive nuances, in the authors' novels and stories highlighted. Based on the novels Posthumous Memories of Brás Cubas, a narrative by Machado de Assis, launched in 1881, and The Sad End by Policarpo Quaresma, whose first edition is from 1915, this study established thematic relationships between the previously mentioned productions and texts fictional and non-fictional by the two writers, certifying to the artistic, intellectual and principled coherence with which they both unveiled Brazil, from important institutions to the Brazilian cultural and political imagination, such as the traditional family, the patriarchy, the intellectual environment of letters and from journalism, Abolition, the Republic, and national personalities, exposed, satirized and mocked in their injustices, weaknesses and will to power.