Portuguese as a Host Language – (PHL) in Critical Multilingual Cartographies: Repertoires of
refugee and forced immigrants in Salvador
Portuguese Host Language – (PHL). Forced immigration. Refuge.
Thousands of people in refugee and forced displacement situations have come to Brazil in
recent years, due to serious human rights violations resulting from wars, economic instability,
environmental disasters, political and religious persecution, among others. The new migratory
flows (BAENINGER, 2018) have moved from the traditional South-North route to the SouthSouth axis. A significant contingent of refugees and forced immigrants has arrived in Salvador,
Bahia’s capital, even though it is not a border town. That is due to the Brazilian Government's
interiorization strategy, supported by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
(UNHCR). This dissertation aims to understand the immigration process in Salvador, to give
the immigrants some visibility, to verify how they live, what sociocultural characteristics they
hold and how they build their linguistic repertoires. Furthermore, it investigates how Portuguese
as a Host Language in multilingual and multicultural contexts can be an effective intercultural
tool for the integration and social inclusion of immigrants in Salvador’s society. This study is
based on the conceptions of Indisciplinary Applied Linguistics (MOITA LOPES, 2006) and
Transgressive Applied Linguistics (PENNYCOOK, 2006), as well as on Freire’s writings, the
pedagogy of the Autonomy and of the Oppressed (FREIRE, 1998; 1997), and on the Expanded
Linguistic Education (CAVALCANTI, 2013). The Portuguese as a Host Language’s theoretical
framework is based on (GROSSO, 2010; AMADO, 2011; BIZON, 2013; LOPEZ, 2016; SÃO
BERNARDO, 2016; ANUNCIAÇÃO, 2018; DINIZ; NEVES, 2018). This study uses a
qualitative-interpretive approach (DENZIN and LINCON, 2006; BORTONI-RICARDO, 2008)
and an ethnographic approach (ERICKSON, 1981; LÜDKE AND ANDRÉ, 1996). Instruments
were used for collecting, generating and analyzing the data. The results showed how relevant
for forced immigrants’ emancipation and autonomy the access to the Portuguese language is.
The absence of institutionalized language and public policies articulated to the legal framework
for the transnational migrations context was also observed. Therefore, this research practiced
its academic and social role, contributing to the state policy implementation with
interconnections in the federal, state and municipal spheres. That may offer more dignity for
people in moral indigence and migratory vulnerability situations, which were aggravated by the
global covid-19 crisis and the serious political and economic crisis that devastates the country.