Nanoencapsulation of hybrid crude palm oil Unaué HIE OxG (Elaeis guineensis x Elaeis oleifera) with jackfruit by-products as encapsulants: a study of cellular antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity in Caco-2 cells
Palm oil with a higher content of oleic acid; Artocarpus heterophyllus; Jackfruit seed; Central axis of jackfruit; Cellular antioxidant activity; Toxicity.
Hybrid crude palm oil (HCPO) HIE OxG nanoparticles, using jackfruit by-products as encapsulants were produced and characterized for cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) and cytotoxicity in differentiated human colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells. The nanoparticles exhibited nanoscale diameters (<250 nm), monodisperse distribution, good uniformity, and stability (Polydispersity index <0.25; zeta potential JSF-NP -12.46 ± 0.15mV and JAF-NP -13.73 ± 1.28mV). Cellular Antioxidant Activity (CAA) assay may better predict antioxidant behavior in biological systems, and CAA of JSF-NP and JAF-NP surpassed those of free HCPO at all concentrations, while none of the nanoparticles exhibited cytotoxic effects on differentiated Caco-2 cells. Notably, scientific literature lacks studies about CAA and cytotoxicity of HCPO nanoparticles with vegetable by-products as encapsulants. As such, the present study demonstrated the bioactivity and biological safety of these nanoparticles in intestinal cells, highlighting JSF-NP and JAF-NP as delivery systems for future HCPO applications.