STINGLESS BEES AND THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THEIR PRODUCTS (HONEY AND POLLEN): LITERATURE REVIEW
Honey, Pollen, Physicochemical parameters, Microbiological quality, yeats.
The stingless bee comprises more than 550 species and 61 genera known worldwide, distributed in tropical America, Africa, Southeast Asia and Australia. Meliponines store food (pollen and nectar) in pots to ensure the colony's survival during resource shortages. Pollen is the main source of proteins, lipids and vitamins for bees; Nectar is the main source of carbohydrates for bees. The sensory, physical and chemical characteristics of honey and pollen from stingless bees are quite different when compared to that produced by Apis mellifera. The microbiology associated with pollen and honey from Meliponini bees is still poorly known, as is the information on the involvement of microorganisms in the biochemical transformation of these products; however, the presence of bacteria, fungi and yeasts can be observed through the fermentation of these foods within the colonies, which is a favorable environment for microbial interactions and development. Few works address the physicochemical characteristics and microbiological biodiversity of honey and pollen from stingless bees. Thus, this work aims to present a literature review about aspects related to stingless bees and the physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of honey and pollen produced by them. It is important to develop new research for the construction of new knowledge, given the absence of specific legislation to define the identity and quality standard of these products, as well as the identified microorganisms that can be used in biotechnological applications.