Banca de DEFESA: ALLANA MARTINS DA ENCARNAÇÃO MAGALHÃES

Uma banca de DEFESA de MESTRADO foi cadastrada pelo programa.
DISCENTE : ALLANA MARTINS DA ENCARNAÇÃO MAGALHÃES
DATA : 31/07/2020
HORA: 12:30
LOCAL: Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia
TÍTULO:

What can endemisms, composition and species richness reveal about the amphibians’ hotspots of a Brazilian megadiverse political-administrative region with three biomes and the longest oceanic coast in the country?

PALAVRAS-CHAVES:

distribution patterns, amphibian, Cerrado, Caatinga, Atlantic Forest

PÁGINAS: 101
GRANDE ÁREA: Ciências Biológicas
ÁREA: Zoologia
SUBÁREA: Zoologia Aplicada
ESPECIALIDADE: Conservação das Espécies Animais
RESUMO:

Bahia is the largest state in the Northeast Region of Brazil, with a total area of approximately 565 thousand km² (36.4% of the Northeast Region), a dimension that, individually, exceeds many countries on all continents of the planet. This vast territory is home to three of the six Brazilian biomes (Atlantic Forest, Cerrado and Caatinga), where environments such as the coastal forests of southern Bahia, considered as a global biodiversity hotspot, and the Chapada Diamantina (northern section of the Espinhaço mountain chain), marked by high biodiversity and high degree of species endemism, are immersed. Yet, Bahia state still has the most extensive coast among the Brazilian states, with approximately 1076 km in length, comprising coastal sandplains and wetlands, some of which hold the greatest amphibians’ species richness throughout the Brazilian coast. This geomorphological and geoecological heterogeneity were essential for the establishment of its megadiverse biota, including the amphibian fauna. Therefore, synthesizing the biota of a political-administrative unit of this magnitude and physiographic complexity requires considerable logistical, temporal and personnel efforts. This explains the scarcity, if not absence, of studies that have attempted to synthesize at least part of this information on the diversity of amphibians considering the state’s dimension, including list of species and geographic patterns of taxa distribution. In this scenario, identifying natural biogeographic units, such as areas of endemism, adds even more value to this study, because besides being the basis for many studies in Biogeography, they are also useful in biodiversity conservation actions, allowing us to detect unique areas, and therefore of high conservation value. In this study we aim to (i) create a list of amphibian species occurring in Bahia, including the main regional collections of the state as a source of data; (ii) identify, if any, patterns of geographic (spatial) distribution through surface maps of species richness based on records of species occurrence and ecological niche modeling; (iii) identify natural biogeographic units (areas of endemism); and (iv) identify priority areas for the conservation of amphibian species using the hotspots identified herein. We used three sources of data for creation of the database: general and regional zoological collections, scientific literature and third-party databases. This action resulted in 38,072 points of 210 species of amphibians for 2,851 locations (points not coincident) in the state of Bahia, or 10,014 points of occurrence considering only unique records for each species. We searched for geographic patterns of amphibian species richness through the production of a richness surface map from 219 amphibian species, using 19 bioclimatic variables for modeling potential species distribution and the Maximum Entropy Modeling algorithm (MaxEnt). Additionally, we search for areas of amphibian endemism in the state through the Geographic Interpolation Analysis of Endemism (GIE). This method uses a Kernel interpolation function based on the establishment of circular areas of influence of the species based on their occurrence records, allowing areas of diffuse edges, since it does not require the use of squares as operational geographic units. In order to identify the priority areas we used five cumulative parameters, equally weighted, for ranking priority areas in the state: presence of area (s) of endemism, species richness, presence of endangered species, restricted species distribution, and presence of type-locality. We obtained 210 nominal species (ca. 18% of the species known to occur in Brazil), distributed in two orders, 53 genera and 19 families, including nine species identified as potentially new by molecular, morphological and/or bioacoustic analyzes. Out of 219 species, 71 were exclusive to the Brazilian Northeast Region, 58 species were exclusive to the state of Bahia, and 98 species have type localities in the state. Among the species exclusive to Bahia state, 23 species had restricted geographic distributions (spatially limited) and 11 species, although spatially restricted in the state, were also registered for other Brazilian states. Bahia presented 15 species classified as threatened sensu Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio), Secretaria de Meio Ambiente (SEMA/BA) and/or International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). The regions of the Bahia coast below the Todos-os-Santos bay and the central region of the state were the areas of highest diversity and degree of endemism for amphibians. These areas corresponded to the Bahia Atlantic coast, inserted in the Atlantic Forest biome, and to the Chapada Diamantina (regional designation for Serra do Espinhaço mountain chain), in the central region of the state. The western Bahia, corresponding to the Cerrado biome, presented low species richness and amphibians’ endemism. However, western Bahia was the least sampled region, allowing us to infer that this result may be biased due to lack of samplings and/or collections historically concentrated in specific locations in the region. We detected a core area of endemism for the Atlantic Forest biome, extending from the Reconcavo region to the extreme south of the state and including the regions of the Jiquiriçá Valley and the Médio Rio de Contas. In this core region we detected discernible subunits, allowing the identification of areas of endemism of lesser extent and of better delimitation. The limits of these areas coincided with physiographic features (e.g., mountainous areas, river valleys, specific vegetation types) and singular spatial features, in addition to regions established by north and south limits of large rivers present along the coast. The areas of endemism in the Caatinga biome were exclusively present in the mountain areas of Serra do Espinhaço, subdivided into three regions: northern (Serra de Jacobina and Morro do Chapéu), central (Chapada Diamantina, Serra do Barbado and Serra do Sincorá) and south (mountain ranges of the Northern Espinhaço). Combining the five parameters used in this study, we obtained 15 priority areas (PA) for amphibian conservation, distributed in the three biomes that occur in the state of Bahia. The Cerrado biome had two priority areas, the Caatinga biome four, and the Atlantic Forest biome nine priority areas for conservation. Alost all priority areas listed herein have conservation units of integral protection and/or conservation units of sustainable use at the Municipal, State and/or Federal levels. However, the ‘PA Serras do Espinhaço Setentrional’ is not covered by any conservation unit. This priority area is located within the municipalities of Caetité, Ibiassucê, Licínio de Almeida and Pindaí, in southwestern Bahia, and presented three endemic species. The treefrog Dendropsophus studerae, which is restricted to the southern portion of the northern coast of the state and that is classified as 'critically endangered' (SEMA 2017), did not have its distribution included in priority areas resulting from this study, and there are no conservation units in its region of occurrence. Finally, the geographical distribution limits of some species studied herein coincided with the presence of large rivers along the coast of Bahia. This pattern has already been pointed out in previous studies by different authors for different taxa and may be associated with the possible action of these major rivers as primary or secondary geographical barriers for certain species of amphibians in this biome.

MEMBROS DA BANCA:
Presidente - 1349793 - MARCELO FELGUEIRAS NAPOLI
Interno - 3062387 - PRISCILA CAMELIER DE ASSIS CARDOSO
Externo à Instituição - ADRIAN ANTONIO GARDA - UFRN