A Multi-Case Study of Software Engineering Practices in Early-Stage Startups
Early-stage startups, Software development, Innovation, Qualitative research, Grounded Theory.
Early-stage startups, often founded by small teams with innovative yet unproven ideas, face the challenge of validating their concepts in the market. These ideas take shape through a fluid business model, adapting until a repeatable and scalable approach is established. Startups must grapple with the pressure to deliver a minimum viable product or service swiftly. For software startups, this often centers around software or technology-mediated offerings, operating within a competitive landscape alongside companies of various sizes. Recent research has explored software startups' context, objectives, challenges, and practices. While extensive research has delved into how software startups engage in software development, there remains a gap in understanding how they select and implement specific development practices. Uncovering their software development processes and methodologies is equally essential, as it directly impacts their ability to overcome software development challenges. Key questions include: What characterizes software development in startup environments? How do startups prioritize product quality attributes in their development processes? What software engineering practices support their development endeavors, and which tools aid their progress? This thesis seeks to gain insights into how early-stage software startups navigate the software development journey, shedding light on their priorities, processes, and the tools they leverage. Our research adopts a qualitative approach in the form of a multiple case study involving 14 organizations. We analyze the data employing Grounded Theory techniques, including open, axial, and selective coding. The findings underscore the critical relevance of human factors, software development processes, software engineering practices, and external influences in the software development journey. Understanding these factors has led to the formulation of practical recommendations to bolster early-stage software development within startups. This work identifies pivotal factors influencing software development within startups and offers practical recommendations for their early-stage software development endeavors.