Gender performances and performativities by dissident bodies:a study on trajectories of
effeminate gays who act as drag-queens
Body. Genre. Effeminate gays. Performance. Performativity
This is a thesis whose objective is to analyze the trajectories of effeminate gays who act as drag-queens in the city of Salvador (Bahia), in order to problematize the relationship between performance (acting as drags) and performativity (related to the experience of the genre), the latter understood in Judith Butler's theory as the repetition and stylization of reified acts, which would not pass through the dimension of the subject's agency, as in the case of drag performances. From this, it is discussed about performativity and performance as inseparable constructs and as strategies of coexistence and social confrontation of effeminate gays; evidencing through the analysis of the trajectories narrated by the participants that both can be exercised from the agency of the subject, while they can also function through the repetition and reification of acts stylized by gender identification. With that, it is analyzed which strategies of social practices, customarily, used by these subjects in face of the tension produced due to their performances and their gender performance. This is a qualitative research, in which semi-structured interviews were carried out with three gay men who recognize themselves as effeminate, who are socially recognized as such in the context in which they live and who work as dragons in the city of Salvador (Bahia); the latter condition was listed because it is a job in which, at least initially, the agency of the subject is demanded for the construction and assembly of the character, which in relation to the condition of effeminate gay, one can assume repetition and the reification of acts as the main characteristic of this condition. This research takes Judith Butler's theory of gender performativity as central to her analyzes, articulating with queer studies and Michel Foucault's theoretical perspectives on power. The research discussions point to the understanding that: first, the interviewees make use of the rotation between performance and gender performativity both when they are mounted on drags and when they are out of character, as effeminate gays; and second, that by performing the drag character they end up exercising gender performativity, whereas in the condition of effeminate gays, because they are confronting the norm, they can perform the genre to appear as if they are performing it. Thus, it is proposed that, even considering the possibility of sharing similar characteristics, performance and performativity remain as different descriptive categories and, with that, adopt the analytical perspective to perceive in the subjects' trajectories how both are accessed in order to to seem like one or the other because of gender norms, and how this affects the perception of themselves of these subjects, the possibility of moving in places and the way their affects will be experienced. Finally, it is understood that in the case of bodies dissenting from sexual and gender norms, such as effeminate gays, the development of a reflexive conscience due to the resistance to these norms, and consequently, the subject's agency, will be fundamental for the experience of gender performativity.