MOBILE GOVERNMENT IN BRAZIL: An analysis of the state of the art in mobile application development by Brazilian public sector institutions
Digital Government; Mobile Government; Mobile Applications
This thesis aims to examine and characterize the state of development of mobile applications offered by Brazilian public agencies at the federal level, which includes institutions of the Executive, Legislative, and Judiciary Powers and autonomous agencies such as the Public Prosecutor's Office and the Federal Audit Court. In addition, the work sought to examine users' opinions on the initiatives studied and to understand how the multiple actors involved in the process of conception, development, and evaluation of government mobile applications are related. From a theoretical point of view, the two initial chapters of the thesis focus on the following movements: (a) discussion on how the concept of Digital Government is characterized by multiple dimensions, seeking to understand how these dimensions manifest themselves empirically in the way public sector institutions have adopted digital technologies to improve the functioning of the State or to mediate its relationship with society; and (b) definition of mobile applications as a digital communication resource with particular characteristics that transform the experiences and designs of Digital Government initiatives and, more specifically, Mobile Government. The sample of this research is composed of 203 applications mapped from the developer page of 43 Brazilian public sector agencies on Google Play. The initiatives or projects were categorized taking into consideration technical, communicative, and organizational aspects. Regarding the users' opinion (or perception), we adopted a topic modeling strategy seeking to assess which topics were addressed and what was the users' opinion of the mobile applications developed by the Brazilian public sector. The research also focuses on a series of semi-structured interviews with the objective of understanding the relationship between the multiple actors (developers, project coordinators, public managers, and software development companies) involved in the process of conception, development, and updating of mobile applications offered by national public sector agencies. Among the results of the survey, we note that: a) Public companies are responsible for a significant portion of government mobile applications with particular emphasis on Embrapa, DATASUS and SERPRO; b) Registration, i.e. the creation of login and password, is one of the main problems faced by users of government mobile applications. On the other hand, among the users who positively evaluate the applications, themes such as practicality, usefulness, and ease of use of the tools stand out; c) There are different models of mobile application development by Brazilian public sector organizations, the main ones being: i) development by internal sector, ii) development by outsourcing, iii) development by a public company and iv) development by contests. Each one of them has advantages and disadvantages.