Cystoisospora felis in cellular culture and production of monozoic cysts in vitro.
cat, coccidian, host.
Cystoisospora felis (synonym: Isospora felis) is a coccidian shed in the feces of domestic cats. The infection in cats occur upon ingestion of sporulated oocysts or ingestion of intermediate hosts infected with the parasite. These protozoa, after infecting intermediate hosts, such as mice, induce the formation of extraintestinal monozoic cysts. The aim of this study was to characterize the development of C. felis in cell culture. The parasite oocysts, excreted in the feces of a naturally infected cats, were induced to sporulate in 2% potassium dichromate and stored at 4°C until their utilization. For excystation of sporozoites and subsequent infection of cell culture, a decontamination method was applied to the fecal solution containing oocysts, followed by disruption of oocysts using glass beads. All batches of oocysts used in the current study, despite their storing time (all lower than a year), were infective to cell cultures. Extracellular sporozoites observed on cell monolayers immediately post-inoculation (PI) were in motion. When observed 24 hours PI, sporozoites were intracellular, with no motion under optical microscopy, and possessing enlarged sizes. Three days PI, parasitophorous vacuoles (PV) compatible with monozoic cysts presented variations in size and a single zoite in each PV. Cells infected with C. felis were maintained by replacing the culture medium every 48 hours, until five days PI, as at this time frame the rapid growth of VERO cells compromised the visualization of the monozoic cysts. The in vitro growth of C. felis monozoic cysts, so far never reported in literature, may favor numerous studies in the future, including tests of sensitivity and resistance to anticoccidial drugs. In addition, it may serve as a model to studies on Cystoisospora belli, the causative agent of human coccidiosis, as well as studies on related coccidia, such as Cystoisospora suis, Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum.