Children with autism spectrum disorder in early childhood education: legal and pedagogical aspects
Children. Autistic Spectrum Disorder. Child education. Legal and Pedagogical Aspects
The present study aims to understand the process of school inclusion of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Salvador BA; analyze the legal documents and theoretical references that subsidize Inclusive Education; to identify the knowledge of Early Childhood Education teachers regarding the legal and pedagogical aspects relevant to the process of school inclusion of children with ASD; to investigate which pedagogical practices were developed in the classroom with children with ASD. For that, a qualitative research was carried out, of the case study type in two Creches and Pre-Schools Primeiro Passo and a Municipal Center of Education (CMEI) of the municipal education network of Salvador, as well as, the bibliographical survey on the legal aspects and pedagogical aspects of school inclusion of children with ASD in the daycare and preschool segment. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and unsystematic observation of children in teaching units. The analyzes and reflections pointed out in this dissertation permeated the analytical framework of the historical-dialectical materialist approach, more specifically the Historical-cultural Theory, focusing on the context of school inclusion of children with autism spectrum disorder. In this way, the studies undertaken by Vigotski (1896; 1898; 2010; 2019), as well as rereadings of his work by Prestes and Tunes (2011; 2012; 2020), plus other authors (ARANHA, 22001; BIANCHI, 2017) who discuss the aforementioned theme and who contributed to complementing the theoretical foundation of this research. The findings indicate that the school inclusion of children with ASD in early childhood education has occurred in the researched EU, however the lack of investment in the continuing education of teachers, infrastructure and didactic-pedagogical resources are barriers that make this process difficult. It was concluded that the school inclusion of children with ASD is a collective demand of contemporary society and that needs a joint effort to be effective.