POST-HARVEST LOSSES OF FRUIT AND VEGETABLES: A CASE STUDY IN A SUPPLY CENTER IN BRAZIL
postharvest loss; supply; food systems; food and nutrition security; sustainability
Food loss is a problem with economic, social and environmental impacts. In relation to fruits and vegetables, losses occur from production to the consumer. In Brazil, post-harvest losses of fruits and vegetables are estimated at between 30% and 35%. In the country, the Supply Centers (CEASA) are one of the main ways of distributing these foods, with high loss rates being registered. Thus, this study aimed to characterize the postharvest losses of fruits and vegetables in the Central Supply of Bahia, Brazil (CEASA-Bahia). A descriptive study was carried out, with data collection based on documents, along with the administration of CEASA-Bahia, by the administration of questionnaires, with traders, and by observation in loco. 132 merchants from three categories of establishments were interviewed – stalls, stones and boxes. Among these, more than 85% had no training to work with food. The infrastructure and equipment conditions showed to be insufficient and precarious - only 22.7% of the establishments had running water points and 12.9% with refrigeration facilities, which limited the places’ hygiene and the products conversations. Although 56.1% of traders deny the phenomenon of losses, a weekly loss of 26.30 ton of vegetables and 127.4 ton of fruit was estimated, recognizing limitations in this estimate. Among the reasons given for the losses, the delay in the sale was the most indicated, being also associated with difficulties in accessing the unit and precariousness of the facilities. It was not possible to observe a policy to prevent or reduce the problem, registering only timid initiatives, including donations to social institutions (28.8%) and price reduction (6.8%). The results show a serious problem and indicate potential to be explored, with a view to establishing programs to prevent food losses, with contributions, above all, from the perspective of health and the environment.