Homocystein and Cysteine and cardiovascular risk factors in children and adolescents
homocysteine, cysteine, systematic review, adolescent, children, cardiovascular diseases
Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in the world. Classical risk factors account for two-thirds of the causes of deaths from cardiovascular disease. However, homocysteine and cysteine are currently used as non-classical markers for cardiovascular diseases, whose plasma values may contribute to the early identification of cardiovascular risk. As the development of atherosclerotic disease, an essential component of cardiovascular disease, begins in childhood and adolescence, the prevention of its risk factors should occur early, and this is the most effective way to reduce morbidity and mortality. Objective: to systematicly evaluate the results of observational studies on plasma levels of homocysteine and cysteine and their association with cardiovascular risk factors in children and adolescents (overweight, abdominal obesity, blood pressure change, serum lipids change, glycemic change and resistance to insulin). Methods: The results are presented in the format of two scientific papers. The first article is a narrative review of the literature, the result of a previous search for the theoretical basis of this dissertation, published in the journal Adolescência & Saúde, qualis CAPES B2 for Nutrition. The second article is a systematic review with meta-analysis, developed according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes), whose protocol was submitted to PROSPERO (International prospective register of systematic reviews) and registered under number CRD42018086252. Results: it was observed positive association between high homocysteine and cysteine levels and body and abdominal adiposity and elevated lipids levels in children and adolescent.