CACTACE FRUITS FROM THE BRAZILIAN CAATINGA: NUTRITIONAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL POTENTIAL FOR HUMAN FOOD
Cactaceae; Unconventional Food Plants; Food and Nutrition Security; Consumer interest; Food products.
The Cactaceae family, commonly found in arid and semi-arid regions, does not have use of its nutritional and technological potential for human food, being considered an Unconventional Food Plant (UFP). Therefore, the consumption of cacti in the Northeast region of Brazil, which has high levels of Food and Nutrition Insecurity, is stigmatized and associated with poverty. On the other hand, the fruits of these plants have distinct sensory characteristics and are highly nutritious, being consumed in several countries. Thus, this research aimed to analyze the potential use of the fruits of five cacti widespread in the Brazilian Caatinga biome (Opuntia ficus-indica, Cereus jamacaru, Pilosocereus pachycladus, Pilosocereus gounellei, and Melocactus zehntneri) for human consumption and new products development. A scientific prospection was then carried out to analyze what has been studied about cacti in human food worldwide, and the nutritional characteristics, bioactive compounds, and antioxidant activity of the fruits of the five cacti studied were systematized. The perceptions and interests of the Brazilian population regarding the consumption of cactus fruits and the patent documents that use these plants in food production were also analyzed. It was found that many studies have shown the antioxidant properties, bioactive compounds, and high levels of micro and macronutrients in several species of cacti. These plants have characteristics that allow a wide variety of uses. They can be consumed fresh or processed, in addition to being used by industry to extract compounds of interest, such as coloring substances and antioxidants, in developing additives and nutraceuticals. As for consumption, it was observed that the Brazilian population is willing to use cacti as food due to their functional properties, representing a promising market niche. Thus, exploring the diversity of uses of these fruits can provide significant benefits from a scientific, economic, and social point of view, impacting the Sovereignty and Food and Nutrition Security of families residing in the Brazilian Northeast.