The object of this thesis is the urban historical geography of the Conde D'Eu Railway, the first railway network in Paraíba. The initial cut of the research is the year 1871, when the Imperial Government granted the concession of this railway with the objective of connecting the capital of Paraiba to the main sugar and cotton producing centers of the province, through the Parahyba do Norte river valley. In turn, the final milestone is the year 1901, when its operation is transferred from the British company Conde d'Eu Company Limited, responsible for the construction and operation in the first years, to Great Western of Brazil Railway Company Limited, becoming part of the great railway network that interconnected Alagoas, Pernambuco, Paraíba and Rio Grande do Norte. The main objective of this academic work is to explain the route of the Conde D'Eu Railway, considering the natural systems, interferences in the preexistence (rolling, division of properties, urban nuclei) and related political, economic and technical issues, in the context of the construction of a new territorial and urban design for the Province of Parahyba do Norte in the late 19th century. We defend that the implantation of this railway changed the territorial configuration of the province to (re) configure the urban network and the intraurban space of the nuclei that crossed. This process stems from the yearning for modernity and progress driven by the expansion of English industrial capitalism, thereby altering space-time relations and exposing conflicts of interest among the various agents involved. The study of this problem was possible through a vast investigation in the historical railway documents, mainly cartographic, found in the Arquivo Nacional and in the extinct Rede Ferroviária Federal S.A. (RFFSA), besides a detailed research in the newspapers published at the time. These documents also allowed to produce a retrospective cartography that provides a particular analysis of the investigated facts, from the visualization of how the implantation of the rails transformed the territory and the cities in Paraíba in the analyzed temporal cut.