WORLDS IN MOTION: MOBILITY AND CYCLING IN BRAZIL
mobility, bicycle, cycling, youth, neoliberalism
In the first decade of this millennium, in Brazil, the notion of mobility emerged as a promise of transforming cities, work, economy and urban life based on the imaginary of more human cities oriented towards pedestrians and cyclists. A new consensus was formed there between the State, economic sectors and the social movement at the same time that the middle classes returned to cycling in the urban environment. This thesis proposes to understand how the need to build a “new space” for a “new phase of capitalism” facilitated the interaction between different agents (from the social movement to the financial system) under the same contract of defending the notion of mobility. Taking cycle activism in São Paulo as a focus and the propositions of Boltanski and Chiapello on the constitution of a “new spirit of capitalism”, the hypothesis was raised that the cycle activism boom and the use of bicycles by the middle classes would have been the expression surface of a conjuncture that associated rationalities and subjectivities that were articulated in the determination of the meanings of the production of a “new city” more in tune with the “new spirit” that was being installed. Mobility was thus analyzed within the context of a longer history as an instance of the broader notion of movement. It was concluded that if in the second spirit of capitalism the bicycle had emerged as one of the symbols of criticism of the industrial world and of criticism of the modern notion of transport, this same bicycle and its struggles were re-signified in the emergence of the third spirit, thus being able to figure as the basis of the new justification system of the new world by project. In Brazil, bicycle activism was still constituted as an instrument of mobilization, engagement of young people and their adaptation to the new rules of operation of the world by project.