DOES THE SCHOOL EFFECT IMPROVE PERFORMANCE? AN ANALYSIS OF BASIC EDUCATION IN THE STATE OF BAHIA.
School effect. Performance. Hierarchical model.
Empirical evidence points out that student performance is influenced by different factors, being classified into three groups: those associated with family background, the individual himself and those related to school. School factors are extremely relevant, since school is the main instrument for the intervention of public policies that impact on the education of a society. The school effect is defined as the ability of schools to affect the results of their students within a given context. In this sense, the general objective of this dissertation is to verify if the school effect improves the students' performance. For this purpose, the two-level Hierarchical Linear Model will be used in order to analyze data from the 5th and 9th grades of elementary school and 3rd grade of high school in the period from 2007 to 2017 of the public network of the state of Bahia. The results indicate that the school effect tends to imply better learning opportunities for students, minimizing the adverse effects of the socioeconomic conditions in which they are submitted. In addition, there is a heterogeneity in the effect between school units in the public school system in Bahia, this variation being greater for the 5th year of elementary school.