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Thèses |
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1
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Aline Bitencourt da Silva
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THE NEW INSTITUTIONAL SCENARIO OF SANITATION IN BRAZIL AND ITS REPERCUSSION IN THE STATE OF BAHIA
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Leader : RAYMUNDO JOSE SANTOS GARRIDO
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MEMBRES DE LA BANQUE :
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RAYMUNDO JOSE SANTOS GARRIDO
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LIVIO ANDRADE WANDERLEY
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HENRIQUE TOME DA COSTA MATA
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INARA ROSA DE AMORIM
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Data: 1 mars 2023
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Afficher le Résumé
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Sanitation is a sector of Public Policies that makes a decisive contribution to preventing human beings from different types of illnesses, in addition to integrating actions aimed at environmental preservation. However, the lack of sanitation in the country poses serious risks to the population, especially the most vulnerable, demanding large volumes of investments from the Central and State Governments in the sector. By being structured in the form of a federalism composed of a central Government (Federal Union) and two sub-governments (states and municipalities), the Brazilian Government has its competences decentralized among its entities in order to confer efficiency in the practice of Public Policies. In the field of water supply and sewage, it is up to the municipalities to meet local needs directly or under a concession or permission regime, while the states are responsible for managing and regulating services. Despite the referred decentralization, in a first moment of the Brazilian State, there was the relegation of the function to the States and, indirectly, to the municipalities by virtue of the Constitution of 1891, which impelled the precariousness of the framework of basic sanitation at that time, with crisis of epidemics in health, mainly due to lack of access to water and sewage services. Over the decades, the historical and social context of sanitation in Brazil presents periods of difficulties in accessing resources and services, as well as evolutionary periods, mainly from the 1970s with the elaboration of PLANASA (1971 to 1986), experimenting, again, scarcity of public resources from the 1980s onwards. The theme of basic sanitation was strongly included in the 1988 Constitution, where the duty and competences of federal entities in promoting universal access to services throughout the country were reinforced. However, only in 2020, in a new attempt to achieve universal access to sanitation, was the New Sanitation Legal Framework enacted, with new prospects for goals and investments for the sector. In this way, understanding the historical context of sanitation in the country and the new legal order, in particular the repercussions of its devices in the state of Bahia, especially from the point of view of investment, is essential to assess the perspectives for achieving universalization according to established goals.
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2
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ELENICE COSTA DA SILVA
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INCOME DIFFERENTIALS BY GENDER: AN ANALYSIS OF THE GLASS CEILING EFFECT SALARY BETWEEN MANAGERS IN BRAZIL (2012 AND 2019)
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Leader : CLAUDIA SA MALBOUISSON ANDRADE
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MEMBRES DE LA BANQUE :
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CLAUDIA SA MALBOUISSON ANDRADE
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GERVASIO FERREIRA DOS SANTOS
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SILVIA REGINA RIBEIRO LEMOS MORAIS
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STELIO COELHO LOMBARDI FILHO
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Data: 3 mars 2023
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Afficher le Résumé
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In recent decades, women have increased their participation in the labor market. Despite this increase, there are still questions about this participation that continue to be debated. The question that arises is income differentials are wider at the top of the wage distribution. The objective of this work is to verify the existence of the Glass ceiling effect in the job market for women in positions of directors and management in Brazil. The analysis is performed for the years 2012 and 2019 using microdata from the Continuous National Household Sample Survey (PNADc). The econometric model used is the quantile regression proposed by Firpo, Fortin and Lemieux (2009;2011) which breaks down salary differences at different points in the distribution. Thus, it is possible to distinguish how wages behave in different quantiles. The results indicate that there is a wage gap favorable to men that increases as wages rise, for all quantiles analyzed men have higher wage returns than women.
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3
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Alexandre Santana dos Santos
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Economic impacts of public health investments in Bahia during the period of the COVID 19 pandemic
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Leader : HENRIQUE TOME DA COSTA MATA
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MEMBRES DE LA BANQUE :
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HENRIQUE TOME DA COSTA MATA
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ROSANGELA APARECIDA SOARES FERNANDES
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GERVASIO FERREIRA DOS SANTOS
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GUSTAVO NUNES DE OLIVEIRA COSTA
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Data: 7 juil. 2023
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Afficher le Résumé
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This dissertation uses the interregional input-output methodology to estimate the economic impacts caused by the increase in expenses by the government of the state of Bahia in the health sector through the Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) within the bahian territory during coronavirus pandemic period (2020-2021). Estimating how much income and jobs were generated due to this increase in public health spending and thus analyzing this sector importance in the economy of the regions studied: Salvador, Rest of the Population Arrangement of Salvador and Rest of the State of Bahia.
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4
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ALEXANDRE ANDRADE MATOS
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Intervention Analysis Applied to Water Transport Systems of Baía de Todos os Santos
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Leader : GERVASIO FERREIRA DOS SANTOS
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MEMBRES DE LA BANQUE :
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GERVASIO FERREIRA DOS SANTOS
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ANDRE LUIS MOTA DOS SANTOS
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MIGUEL ANGEL RIVERA CASTRO
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Data: 14 juil. 2023
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Afficher le Résumé
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The objective of this dissertation is to compare the perspective of intercurrences in the commuting flow of pedestrians between the urban regions of Ilha de Itaparica and Salvador, considering the transport modes of maritime crossing Lanchinhas and Ferryboat. The occurrence of outliers in the passenger flows of these modes will be carried out through the Intervention Analysis methodology of univariate time series. The research shows that the pendular flow of sea crossings between the two regions is linked to the historical links of the choices of these urban sites in the colonial maritime economy of Salvador and with the recent survival strategies of the families of Itaparica. The results show that the SARIMA (0,1,0)(0,1,1)12 model describes the two passenger flows in active commuting. The Ferryboat modal is more sensitive to externalities, with incidents observed in advance and lasting longer due to its integration with the road system through a bus terminal, providing greater interaction with the other urban regions of the Island of Itaparica. The Lanchinhas modal is more stable to changes by outliers, since it meets only the most local demands. Finally, the results also show that a failure to observe the effects associated with the sinking of a vessel in Lanchinhas modal on 08/24/2017, still revealing a strong social dependence of this modal that presents monopoly characteristics.
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5
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STEFANO ALVES BORGES DE SOUZA
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AN ANALYSIS OF THE HOSPITAL EFFICIENCY OF THE SUS IN THE TREATMENT OF COVID-19: AN APPROACH FROM MANAGEMENT EFFICIENCY, CLINICAL EFFICIENCY, AND CHANGES IN THE EFFICIENCY FRONTIER THROUGHOUT THE PANDEMIC IN BRAZIL
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Leader : JULYAN GLEYVISON MACHADO GOUVEIA LINS
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MEMBRES DE LA BANQUE :
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JULYAN GLEYVISON MACHADO GOUVEIA LINS
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STELIO COELHO LOMBARDI FILHO
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TATIANE ALMEIDA DE MENEZES
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Data: 16 oct. 2023
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Afficher le Résumé
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This study seeks to analyze the hospital efficiency of the Unified Health System (SUS) in treating COVID-19, between 2020 and 2022. To do this, it uses the Data Envelopment Analysis with Slack (DEA-SBM) and the Malmquist index, with the Brazilian States and the Federal District being the units of analysis. In addition to measuring efficiency, the research examines changes in efficiency, resulting from possible learning in managing the allocation of public resources over time and the different peak phases of the pandemic. The analysis covers both managerial efficiency and clinical efficiency, and the results indicate improvement over time, although persistent challenges, such as significant regional variations, highlight the heterogeneity of disease treatment outcomes.
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6
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Lilana Souza da Costa
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MISALLOCATION IN THE BRAZILIAN PRODUCTION CHAIN FROM MULTIPLIERS FOR INTERMEDIATE GOODS
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Leader : GERVASIO FERREIRA DOS SANTOS
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MEMBRES DE LA BANQUE :
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GERVASIO FERREIRA DOS SANTOS
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ANDRE LUIS MOTA DOS SANTOS
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José Firmino de Sousa Filho
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Data: 23 oct. 2023
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Afficher le Résumé
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ABSTRACT The objective of the dissertation is to identify the possibility of misallocation of resources in the Brazilian economy, based on calculations of intermediate goods multipliers, production elasticity to total factor productivity (TFP) and capital goods. The research is based on the literature on misallocation and real cycle theory. Thus, indicators were calculated based on a neoclassical model of intermediate goods applied to a database of input-output matrices for the Brazilian economy. In this way, it was possible to identify which sectors of the Brazilian economy are most affected intersectorally by the misallocation of resources and which investments can be made to mitigate the phenomenon. The results show that the Brazilian economy presents a considerable degree of misallocation that causes it to lose part of its dynamics. This is due to the lack of technological development in the production of intermediate goods, which, in turn, compromises the performance of national production chains
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7
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José Fernando de Matos
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"THE ROLE OF THE STATE IN SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN ANGOLA FROM THE END OF THE CIVIL WAR"
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Leader : NUNO JORGE RODRIGUES TELES SAMPAIO
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MEMBRES DE LA BANQUE :
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NUNO JORGE RODRIGUES TELES SAMPAIO
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HENRIQUE TOME DA COSTA MATA
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IVALDO MARCIANO DE FRANÇA LIMA
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Data: 24 oct. 2023
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Afficher le Résumé
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This study analyzes the role of the State in social and economic development in Angola from the end of the civil war, during the period from 2002 to 2017. Following the path of economist Amartya Sen, we discuss development as an expansion of human freedoms, especially as a result of progress with regard to health, education and income, and the role of the Angolan State in these fields. The results found show us that after 2002, the development of the country is remarkable, years of rapid growth driven by high production and oil prices helped in the reconstruction of infrastructure and in the formulation of public policies in the country. However, high levels of poverty, inequality and regional disparities still persist in Angola, affecting different peoples, from Cabinda to Cunene. In this sense, the study uses the Human Development Index (HDI) and other complementary measures, such as the income dimension measured by the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita, the education dimension measured by the schooling index, which takes into account the average years of schooling of the population, and the dimension of health measured by life expectancy at birth, to capture different dimensions of people's well-being and quality of life. To achieve the proposed objectives, the study is characterized as an exploratory, descriptive and explanatory research of a quantitative nature, using the database of the United Nations Development Program (UNDP), Center for Studies and Scientific Research of the Catholic University of Angola (CEIC), National Bank of Angola (BNA), Ministry of Finance (MLNFIN) and the National Statistics Institute of Angola (INE).
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8
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IGOR GABRIEL ERENO CAVALLI
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THE SERGIPANO PETROLEUM INNOVATION SYSTEM IN FACE OF PETROBRAS DISINVESTMENTS: THE REORGANIZATION OF INNOVATION FROM CHANGES IN THE MARKET
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Leader : BERNARDO PEREIRA CABRAL
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MEMBRES DE LA BANQUE :
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ROSIVÂNIA DA PAIXÃO SILVA OLIVEIRA
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BERNARDO PEREIRA CABRAL
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LEONARDO BISPO DE JESUS JUNIOR
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Data: 30 nov. 2023
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Afficher le Résumé
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This paper carries out an institutional-evolutionary analysis of the closure of Petrobras' activities in the state of Sergipe. The justifications for Petrobras' divestments are listed, linking them to the major trends in the sector's evolution, mainly de-verticalization and the transition from onshore to offshore field operations. The results for Sergipe's Regional Innovation System are analyzed, focusing on R&D institutions, anchor companies and regional service providers. The results of the research point to a strong capacity for resilience in the regional sector and a complex transition of R&D institutions to adapt to the new constitution of the industry, which is more occupied by private governance.The results of this analysis revealed that Petrobras' divestments had a significant impact on the region, with the flight of the workforce being the main challenge faced by local companies. In addition, the decrease in the level of business activity was a direct consequence of this situation. The context was made even more complex by the difference in timing in relation to other oil Local Productive Arrangements (APLs) in the Northeast, which recovered earlier and became preferred destinations for the sergipean workforce. This discrepancy in time has contributed to the prolonged migration of human resources from the region, delaying the recovery of the sector in Sergipe and making the training of qualified workers one of the main challenges of this recovery.
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9
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CAROLINA REITERMAJER VIANA
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THE INFLUENCE OF SHADOW BANKING ON THE ORGANIZATION OF MONEY MARKETS: WEAKNESS AND INSTABILITY IN A FINANCIAL SYSTEM GLOBALLY INTEGRATED
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Leader : NUNO JORGE RODRIGUES TELES SAMPAIO
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MEMBRES DE LA BANQUE :
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NUNO JORGE RODRIGUES TELES SAMPAIO
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FABRICIO PITOMBO LEITE
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JUAN PABLO PAINCEIRA PASCHÔA
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Data: 14 déc. 2023
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Afficher le Résumé
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The shadow banking system comprises financial institutions that finance the lending of long-term assets by short-term money market funding. What grants this system its “shadowy” character is the lack of access to the central bank’s “lender of last resort” facilities or guaranteed deposits, as well as being subjected to fewer regulatory restrictions. Thus, they are in the shadows of the traditional banking system. In this study, we explore the interaction between central banks, traditional banks, and the shadow banking system. We highlight the way current money market dynamics act as sources of financial fragility and instability across the international financial system, regardless of the specific political economy path or institutional framework of each economy. Drawing on Minsky’s financial fragility hypothesis, we analyse the effects of the growing involvement of shadow banks in money markets, focusing on its implications for fiscal and monetary policy. The variegation seen across financial systems gives rise to specific forms of financial fragility, which in turn affect the role of states and central banks in ways that, albeit similar, modify the implementation of monetary and fiscal policy in a fundamentally different manner.
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Thèses |
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1
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VERÔNICA FERREIRA SILVA DOS SANTOS
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Employment opportunities and skilled migration in Brazilian municipalities
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Leader : CLAUDIA SA MALBOUISSON ANDRADE
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MEMBRES DE LA BANQUE :
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CLAUDIA SA MALBOUISSON ANDRADE
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LUCAS EMANUEL DA SILVA
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OLIVIA MARIA COSTA SILVEIRA
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SILVIA REGINA RIBEIRO LEMOS MORAIS
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STELIO COELHO LOMBARDI FILHO
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Data: 3 mars 2023
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Afficher le Résumé
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The objective of this thesis is to verify the effect of employment opportunities (unemployment rate) on local skilled internal migrants (immigration rate) in Brazilian municipalities. Studies on the Economics of Migration suggest that the variables employment/unemployment, income, human capital, size of cities, cost of living and distance from the regions of the municipalities of origin. The literature review shows that more skilled people who migrate tend to move to larger cities. Thus, it starts with a theoretical and analytical model based on the New Economic Geography, in which specific characteristics of the most dynamic regions tend to attract greater flows of transactions or people. The model for determining skilled migration includes the variables observed in Brazilian municipalities, the unemployment rate for those over 16 years of age. The explanatory variables were separated by economic, social, demographic and human capital blocks. It was verified the probability that the most qualified (inter-municipal) migrants are attracted to the municipalities due to the better job opportunities in the destination municipalities. Econometric analysis of the data showed an expected negative relationship between skilled migration (migration rate) and employment opportunities (unemployment rate). The methodology was based on the estimation of OLS models with multiplicative dummy variables of region and agglomeration, using a panel database with fixed and cross-section effects, with migration data from Brazilian municipalities for the years 1991, 2000 and 2010. The results showed that there may be a reduction in the importance of job opportunities in large cities of around -30.3%. It is worth mentioning that large cities have another type of attractor for migrants – which may be linked to urban amenities and the scale of the city itself. Regarding the Regions, job opportunities in the South and Central-West regions presented an expected negative sign, indicating a respective increase of 48.0% and 130.0% in relation to Brazil, while for the Northeast Region the sign shown was positive. , indicating an unexpected decrease of -67.0% compared to benchmarking.
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2
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André Luis Melo de Oliveira
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Employment opportunities and skilled migration in Brazilian municipalities
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Leader : GERVASIO FERREIRA DOS SANTOS
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MEMBRES DE LA BANQUE :
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ANDRE LUIS MOTA DOS SANTOS
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GERVASIO FERREIRA DOS SANTOS
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HENRIQUE TOME DA COSTA MATA
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MONICA DE MOURA PIRES
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RODRIGO VOLMIR REZENDE ANDERLE
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Data: 3 mars 2023
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Afficher le Résumé
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The objective of this thesis is to verify the effect of employment opportunities (unemployment rate) on local skilled internal migrants (immigration rate) in Brazilian municipalities. Studies on the Economics of Migration suggest that the variables employment/unemployment, income, human capital, size of cities, cost of living and distance from the regions of the municipalities of origin. The literature review shows that more skilled people who migrate tend to move to larger cities. Thus, it starts with a theoretical and analytical model based on the New Economic Geography, in which specific characteristics of the most dynamic regions tend to attract greater flows of transactions or people. The model for determining skilled migration includes the variables observed in Brazilian municipalities, the unemployment rate for those over 16 years of age. The explanatory variables were separated by economic, social, demographic and human capital blocks. It was verified the probability that the most qualified (inter-municipal) migrants are attracted to the municipalities due to the better job opportunities in the destination municipalities. Econometric analysis of the data showed an expected negative relationship between skilled migration (migration rate) and employment opportunities (unemployment rate). The methodology was based on the estimation of OLS models with multiplicative dummy variables of region and agglomeration, using a panel database with fixed and cross-section effects, with migration data from Brazilian municipalities for the years 1991, 2000 and 2010. The results showed that there may be a reduction in the importance of job opportunities in large cities of around -30.3%. It is worth mentioning that large cities have another type of attractor for migrants – which may be linked to urban amenities and the scale of the city itself. Regarding the Regions, job opportunities in the South and Central-West regions presented an expected negative sign, indicating a respective increase of 48.0% and 130.0% in relation to Brazil, while for the Northeast Region the sign shown was positive. , indicating an unexpected decrease of -67.0% compared to benchmarking.
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3
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Clelio dos Santos
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THE VALUE CHAIN OF THE AUTOMOBILE SECTOR IN BRAZIL DURING THE PERIOD OF THE LOCAL CONTENT POLICY AND IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBAL VALUE CHAINS (2000 – 2018)
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Leader : UALLACE MOREIRA LIMA
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MEMBRES DE LA BANQUE :
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FABRICIO PITOMBO LEITE
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FÁBIO GUEDES GOMES
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LEONARDO BISPO DE JESUS JUNIOR
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RODRIGO VOLMIR REZENDE ANDERLE
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UALLACE MOREIRA LIMA
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Data: 4 mars 2023
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Afficher le Résumé
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An intense process of globalization, shaped by profound changes in trade, production and investments, has marked the world economy since the 1980s, whose offshore and outsourcing opportunities were notable for the possibilities of insertion, participation and industrial updating of developing countries in the Chains. Global Values (GVCs). This implied new approaches to industrial policy and state intervention. In this context, the objective of this thesis was to evaluate the structure and functioning of the Brazilian automobile industry, and from then on to discuss the viability of local content policies (PCLs) to strengthen the national auto parts sector in the GVCs movement. It is understood that this viability of the PCLs involves their effectiveness on the ownership of national capital, supported by an effort to build skills, without which the construction of a local supply chain is compromised in its updating and gains in participation in the CGV, even running the risk of being “locked in” to segments with low added value. Thus, it was supported as a hypothesis the fact that industrial policy measures such as PCLs should be viable for the development and strengthening of the Brazilian automotive supply chain; however, the lack of policy emphasis and strategy regarding ownership of national capital (combined with the effort to build capacity) weakened the likelihood of building a more integrated, more participatory, and up-to-date local supply chain in value chains ( regional and global). For this purpose, OECD added value (AV) measures (TiVA) were used, which were conceived based on the input-output methodological framework developed by Koopman, Wang and Wei (2014), to assess the performance of Brazil and other players, with emphasis on China and India, between 2000-2018. The analysis of local content (LC) measures in the light of VA indicators and based on the catching up pattern of technological stages, based on the Indian and Chinese automotive industries, allowed us to identify that PCL in Brazil did not contribute to the constitution of leading companies and failed to promote VA gains and functional upgrade (functional upgrade) in the local automotive chain, confirming the research hypothesis.
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4
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José Firmino de Sousa Filho
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DECOMPOSITION OF TRADE IN VALUE-ADDED IN INTERSECTORAL RELATIONS BETWEEN THE BRIC IN GLOBAL VALUE CHAINS
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Leader : GERVASIO FERREIRA DOS SANTOS
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MEMBRES DE LA BANQUE :
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VINICIUS DE ALMEIDA VALE
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ANDRE LUIS MOTA DOS SANTOS
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GERVASIO FERREIRA DOS SANTOS
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LUIZ CARLOS DE SANTANA RIBEIRO
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ROSEMBERGUE VALVERDE DE JESUS
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TICIANA GRECCO ZANON MOURA
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Data: 14 mars 2023
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Afficher le Résumé
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This Thesis assesses the share of the BRICs in the Global Value Chains (GVCs) and the patterns of evolution of trade in value-added and vertical specialization indicators in intra-BRIC trade. We assume that the productive linkages generated by trade gains contribute to countries' economic growth and development. To this end, we used World Input-Output Database (WIOD). Our applied methodology is the decomposition model of intermediate goods and trade flows, whose interpretation of the results adheres to recent vertical specialization and trade in value-added theories. We calculated sixteen components of trade from domestic value-added (DVA), value-added returning from third countries and direct importers (RDV), foreign value-added in exports (FVA), and pure double counting terms (PDC). Aggregating the FVA and PDC components allowed obtaining each BRIC member country's degree of vertical specialization. The results of the Thesis point to the expressive advance of China in its share in the GVCs and the intra-BRIC value-added trade, mainly in the exchange of high, medium-high, and medium technology goods. On the other hand, Brazil and Russia were stagnant in GVCs and stood out only in value-added trade in medium-low and low-technology goods. India's most significant advance has been in trade in medium-technology goods, and there was an increase in the share of the Indian economy in GVCs concerning Brazil and Russia. Regarding trade intensity, India and China stand out in vertical specialization indicators, mainly for high, medium-high, and medium technology industries. On the other hand, the trade intensity of Brazil and Russia is focused on domestic value-added components. Therefore, we highlighted the need for expansion and political cooperation among the BRIC to create capacities and industrial linkages to generate gains in value-added trade, organizational capacity, technological absorption, diffusion, and economic growth and development.
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5
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CELESTE MARIA PEDREIRA PHILIGRET BAPTISTA
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CAPITAL INTERNACIONALIZATION AND STATE IN BRAZIL
WORKFORCE POLICIES
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Leader : LUIZ ANTONIO MATTOS FILGUEIRAS
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MEMBRES DE LA BANQUE :
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LUIZ ANTONIO MATTOS FILGUEIRAS
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PAULO ANTONIO DE FREITAS BALANCO
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ANTONIO RENILDO SANTANA SOUZA
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ANGELA MARIA CARVALHO BORGES
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ELSA SOUSA KRAYCHETE
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Data: 18 mars 2023
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Afficher le Résumé
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The central objective of this work is to analyze the ways in which state policies regarding the workforce in Brazil were implemented and how they evolved, seeking to detect how changes in these policies are associated with the advancement of the process of capital internationalization. The perspective adopted considers that this process implies important transformations in the format of national States and in the composition of forces that express themselves within their scope and there strive to establish courses of action. The process of capital internationalization is the methodological starting point for the analysis of the State and its policies regarding the workforce, considering that this constitutes a fundamental tendency of capitalism, constituting one of the dominant traits of the system today. The concept adopted that the phenomenon manifests itself historically with distinct contours and, in specific social formations, causes significant changes in the characteristics of national states to the extent that they also internationalize. Internationalization represents material base that configures some trends that include scales of variation. The period covered by the research starts from the 1950s and continues to the present day, emphasizing those sub-periods in which the internationalization process occurs more strongly and the state apparatus and the State's performance undergo more significant transformations. Indicators of the progress of the internationalization of the Brazilian economy are used; the State's action on components of exploitation and reproduction of the workforce; changes in the legislation concerning the conditions of exploitation of the workforce and the organization of workers and considered indicative elements of the performance of the different fractions of capital and the workers' movement at the state level.
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6
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MATTEUS GUIMARÃES MARTINS
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PEASANT FAMILY FARMING AND CLASS DYNAMICS IN THE BRAZILIAN RURAL ENVIRONMENT: RESISTANCE, RISE AND SCRAPPING
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Leader : GILCA GARCIA DE OLIVEIRA
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MEMBRES DE LA BANQUE :
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RICARDO DA SILVEIRA CARVALHO
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MANOEL PEREIRA DE ANDRADE
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MAURO EDUARDO DEL GROSSI
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GILCA GARCIA DE OLIVEIRA
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NUNO JORGE RODRIGUES TELES SAMPAIO
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Data: 8 août 2023
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Afficher le Résumé
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This thesis analyzes the dynamics of classes that operate in the Brazilian rural environment, having as horizon the period 1850 to 2022. The research is based on de concepts coined by Marx, Poulantzas and Thompson to present the interaction of rural fractions of the working and capitalist classes with the Brazilian State and the consequent conflict arising from this process. For understand this Brazilian historical experience, the concepts used of “historical act”, “class in movement”, “class fraction”, “means of production” and “Relational State”, from which the supply of public policies for the rural environment in a dialectic way to the process of constitution of the class fractions that act in the field of Brazil. Therefore, initially resorts to the literature that allows to conceptually pave the instruments for a concrete analysis. Therefore it is carried out in the light of these concepts, an effort to understand the peasant as a class, thus aiming to show how the dynamics of classes in the Rural Brazil around peasant family farming and agribusiness. At the fourth chapter analyzes the Brazilian experience in the first period of analysis, 1850 to 1994, through historical material on the constitution of structure of the state apparatus focused on rural development and public policies offered. This same exercise is performed in the chapter five for the second period, from 1995 to 2022, with the aim of making understand the divergences that express the class struggle itself in search for the consolidation of its productive demands within the State. Per Finally, the learning resulting from the research is listed, which, released on the context after 2022, support the realization of provocations about the object of study
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7
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JERONIMO MARCELINO DIAS
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ANALYSIS OF THE TECHNICAL PROFILE AND SOCIO-EFFICIENCY OF FISHERMEN IN THE AUTONOMOUS SECTOR OF BISSAU, GUINEA-BISSAU, AFRICA
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Leader : HENRIQUE TOME DA COSTA MATA
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MEMBRES DE LA BANQUE :
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ROGERIO CESAR PEREIRA DE ARAUJO
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PAULO MARCELO DE SOUZA
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GERVASIO FERREIRA DOS SANTOS
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HENRIQUE TOME DA COSTA MATA
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RAYMUNDO JOSE SANTOS GARRIDO
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Data: 10 nov. 2023
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Afficher le Résumé
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Guinea Bissau is a country of almost two million inhabitants and an area of 36,125 km², located on the west coast of Africa, in the part where the waters are richest, mainly in terms of diversity and biological productivity typical of tropical regions. The wealth of Guinean-Bissau’s is due to the existence of an extensive and shallow continental shelf, great diversity of ecosystems, a coastline dotted with numerous estuaries, rivers, and the presence of mangroves that line the coast. Despite the prominent position of fishing in the economy of Guinea-Bissau, the fishing sector, including artisanal fishing, lacks political support to fulfill its role in the socio-economic context. Evidence supports the fact that the local artisanal fishermen relies on fishing as their last means of subsistence for themselves and their families, as a way overcome financial difficulties, the low levels of social integration, limited levels of education, and healthcare. This study aims to identify and analyze the technical, economic, and the level of technical efficiency relative to socio-efficiency of artisanal fishermen in the Autonomous Sector of Bissau, as a tool for management and development of the artisanal fishing sector in Guinea-Bissau, Africa. Knowledge of the socio-economic profile, technical socio-efficiency, and productive structure of artisanal fishermen in Guinea-Bissau is not only of significant importance to policy makers but also provides a link to concepts of technical, economic, social, and environmental efficiency. Furthermore, it raises awareness of factors related to the inefficiency of artisanal fishermen and provides insight into possible improvement in the determinants of these inefficiencies. Primary data was collected through questionnaires applied to a sample of 124 artisanal fishermen in the Autonomous Sector of Bissau, Guinea-Bissau. Tabular and descriptive analysis were used, as well as the calculation of economic indicators, under deterministic conditions, socio-efficiency, using the method of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and, finally, homogeneity of producers calculated by the cluster analysis method. The results showed marked differences in terms of age, number of family members, and management capacity and, consequently, profit generation in the fishing production scope. Based on economic indicators, the profit margin of producers, in general, was heterogeneous, with noticeable differences in the minimum, average, and maximum profit values found of -150,907.68 BRL, 78,564.28 BRL, and 614,612.32 BRL, respectively, with 18.54% of producers indicating losses. The average level of technical efficiency and technical socio-efficiency of artisanal fisherman in the Autonomous Sector in Bissau, the variable return to scale model, were 91.45%, 97.55%, and 99.82%, respectively.
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DIOGO DE OLIVEIRA DA SILVA
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AGRIBUSINESS: LOGICS AND LIMITS OF AN ARTICULATION DISCURSIVE
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Leader : NUNO JORGE RODRIGUES TELES SAMPAIO
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MEMBRES DE LA BANQUE :
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JORGE OSVALDO ROMANO
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DANIEL RICARDO CASTELAN
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DANIEL LEMOS JEZIORNY
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GILCA GARCIA DE OLIVEIRA
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NUNO JORGE RODRIGUES TELES SAMPAIO
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Data: 4 déc. 2023
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Afficher le Résumé
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This thesis seeks to investigate the political, economic and ideological articulations that have constituted agribusiness as an identity since the 1990s, which means understanding the ways in which the interests of agrarian elites have been constituted based on discursive articulations. In this sense, we first sought to demonstrate, through a bibliographical base and historical interpretation, the relationship between economics and politics as differences that are intertwined in the representation of agrarian elites as a class over the course of three discursive historical periods: ruralism, integration into the industrializing ideology and conservative modernization. As the second stage of the research process, we dedicated ourselves to relating the shifts in the discursive structure between what is conventionally called "conservative modernization" and agribusiness as a process of growing openness to the transformation of the identity of agrarian elites from an ethical-political dimension, in which we employed three research logics: a social logic, which must account for exploring the logical relationships that constitute the social as a regularity of differential positions in a discursive structure in favor of agribusiness; political logics, in the relationship between the logic of equivalence and difference, as ways of constructing a hegemonic relationship and forming an agribusiness identity and, finally, phantasmagorical logics, which demonstrate the interpellation capacity of the agribusiness discourse (s). As we have pointed out, the logic behind the formation of what we understand as agribusiness is a continuous attempt to stop the flow of differences that make up a discursive field. At first, this hegemonic attempt takes place through a logic of differences, in a context of the disarticulation of chains of equivalence of peasant family farming and the exclusion of the agrarian question from the field of symbolic representation and, at a second moment, the identification of agribusiness is displaced by a limit to this process of signification by an institutionalist totality. In order to carry out the research, we relied on a literature review, analysis of economic, political and ideological data on the discursive conditions of the emergence of agribusiness from the epistemological and ontological framework of discourse theory.
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