The Oil Exploration and Production (E&P) industry provides an important energy source for the world. However, there is worldwide concern regarding the environmental impacts of E&P activities. Drilling cuttings (DC) and drilling fluid are some of the main residues generated during the drilling of oil wells. This research aims to develop sustainable applications using DC in civil construction as an alternative for co-processing to produce ceramic materials and as supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) in cement pastes and ternaries cement (TC). This study used a DC from an onshore well in Candeias (Brazil), cuttings collected with water-based (DC1) and cuttings n-paraffin-based (DC2) fluid. A milling study of the gravel and clay was performed, varying the time (2, 5, 10, 15, and 20 min) and the rotation speed (200 and 300 rpm), in which physical, chemical, and mineralogical analyses were carried out by through analytical techniques of helium gas pycnometry, particle size analysis, consistency tests, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffractometry (XRD)/Rietveld, thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DTA) and environmental risk analysis. Co-processing studies were performed on ceramic materials replacement natural clay by CAP1 at levels of 15, 30, and 45%, with ceramic pieces being made by uniaxial pressing and sintered at a heating rate of 5 °C/min with a threshold of 750 °C, 850 °C and 950 °C held for 90 min. After sintering, the physical and mechanical properties were evaluated. The phases formed for the different temperatures were quantified using XRD/Rietveld. Cement pastes were produced by partially replacing early-strength Portland cement (CPV) with CAP1 and CAP2 in 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30%. The hydration of the pastes was evaluated by isothermal calorimetry, XRD/Rietveld, TGA/DTA, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), water absorption, capillary absorption, and axial compressive strength after 1, 3, 7, 28 and 91 days of curing. In addition, it was evaluated the influence of milling on the CAP1 reactivity used as a supplementary cementitious material in ternary cement (TC). The hydration of TC pastes containing DC1 with different granulometric distributions was evaluated by isothermal calorimetry, XRD/Rietveld at 3 and 28 days, compressive strength, and absorption. The co-processing results using DC1 in the ceramic mass showed that the sintering temperature and the increase in the DC content directly influence the mechanical properties of the red ceramic. In this sense, the studied formulations are a feasible alternative for manufacturing bricks and tiles. The incorporation of benefited DC1 improved the hydration kinetics of TC compared to the reference pastes. After 28 days, TC pastes with a D50% diameter smaller than 11 µm reached at least 70% of the reference strength. Cement pastes demonstrate the potential for application between 5% and 25% in substitution of PC for DC1 and DC2. Besides mitigating an environmental problem, reducing costs with raw materials for manufacturing cementitious materials will benefit the environment by preserving mineral resources (clay and limestone deposits). In the analyzed scenarios, the results indicated DC1 as an alternative environmentally appropriate raw material for the manufacture of ceramics, and DC1 and DC2 can be used as SCM to produce cement paste and ternary cement.

In Brazil, electricity consumption has been growing over the last 50 years. This fact has
prompted the study about the potential of electricity generation from plant biomass, mapping
the theoretical potential of electricity generation from sugarcane, forestry, rice, elephant grass,

cashew nut and bay coconut waste. Moreover, the study estimated the price and income-
elasticity of residential and industrial electricity consumption in Brazil, both at national and

regional levels. It also modeled the electricity consumption from sugarcane bagasse, whose
share amounts to 7.2% of the electricity matrix. This is exploratory research of a
predominantly quantitative nature. In the biomass mapping, Geographic Information System
(GIS) techniques were used, whose results were displayed in thematic maps. To evaluate
residential and industrial consumption, balanced panels were used. The data were estimated
by the Generalized Moments Method (GMM), in a version known as System – GMM (SY –
GMM). In the industrial case, in addition to the estimated price and income parameters, the differences between the consumption of more and less industrialized States were estimated, as well as part of the effects of the COVID 19 pandemic on electricity consumption. Regarding the electricity consumption from sugarcane bagasse, the econometric strategy was also based on a balanced panel composed of the main sugar bagasse electricity-producing States. The model was also estimated by GMM and analyzed the demand for sugar-alcohol electricity for Brazil and for States considered richer and poorer. The biomass mapping revealed that Brazil still has a significant electricity generation potential, capable of making the electric matrix even more renewable. The price and income parameters of residential demand, to the national scenario, were consistent with economic theory and with the literature, however, for regional scenarios, the current consumption policy control harms the more vulnerable regions. With regard to the industrial sector, the main result is related to a possible systematic effect of the levels of development of each state on price elasticity. More developed States tend to be more price-sensitive than less developed regions. In addition, due to the particularities of each market, less developed States had smaller reductions in industrial electrical consumption than more developed States, including during the period of incidence of COVID-19. The modeling of sugarcane bioelectricity demand evidenced the complementarity effect of this source with hydroelectricity and a possible systematic effect between income levels on the price elasticity of demand for electricity from sugarcane. The results of this research can be useful for public managers who work in the energy planning environment, where supply and demand must be analyzed together, seeking to avoid mismatches between consumption and generation. In addition, electricity generating companies, and also eventual private investors in the electricity sector could use the results achieved here as a source of analysis for programming the production and purchase of electricity and also for economic and financial feasibility studies for future projects in electricity generation.

The lack of wastewater treatment is still worrying; despite advances in recent years, and
it is a challenge to achieve the goals of sanitation universalization. The demand for
water, food and energy in the world, no longer admits thinking about wastewater
treatment just to meet the standards of environmental legislation. The environmental
impacts associated with wastewater treatment affect sustainability, and should be
discussed by decision makers. In this context, LCA is a widely used tool to assess the
environmental impacts of WWTP in the world. However, in developing countries, such
as Brazil, there is a gap in LCA related to WWTP, with the challenge of improving the
quality of LCI in the face of a lack of data transparency. The present study aims to
analyze the application of LCA to assess the potential environmental impacts of the
sewage treatment process associating UASB reactor and constructed wetlands,
including the construction and operation phases, and the potential for resource recovery
from the technological arrangement in small municipalities up to 5,000 inhab. For this,
a detailed LCI was prepared, including the collection network, preliminary treatment,
WWTP, sludge disposal and discharge of the final treated effluent, on a full scale, also
evaluating the effects of the choices made in the preparation of the LCI using databases available in the SimaPro software. After improving the LCA study for the WWTP studied, the existing scenario was compared with a proposed resource recovery scenario in the WWTP, evaluating in the potential for resource recovery in small towns in the state of Bahia. The results of the wastewater treatment system evaluation indicate that the construction phase should not be excluded in low complexity treatment technologies, such as the WWTP studied, due to the trade-off between the use of materials and energy for construction and low consumption of energy and materials during the operation, combined with the Brazilian energy mix, predominant in renewable sources. Also the WWTP studied show the great potential impact of for
global warming, due to methane emissions from the UASB reactor to the atmosphere.
The results of the analysis of the choice of database processes show the differences in
contribution of the impact potential according to the process originating from the
database used, available in the software. For the assessment of the proposed scenario, the results show the significant environmental gains with the recovery of resources, highlighting the potential of the recovery of biogas as a quick transition solution to combat the climate crisis. Thus, the study highlights the importance of the construction phase, and the correlation between the operation and GHG emissions, highlighting the importance of the detailed LCI for the transparency, reliability and reproducibility of LCA studies in wastewater treatment. Finally, the study emphasizes the potential for resource recovery in small municipalities, made invisible by the public authorities, as an alternative to achieve the goals of sanitation universalization with environmental, social and economic gains.

The Portland cement production process is responsible for high environmental impacts,
with the exploration of deposits of these raw materials and emission of large amounts of
CO2. In this context, the main objective of the present work was to analyze the technical
feasibility of using granitic rock fines (GRF), waste generated in the process of producing
aggregates for civil construction and asbestos cement waste tile (ACW), aimed at making
Portland cement. Regarding the GRF, it was observed that there are no studies that aim to
use this residue in the production of Portland clinker as a partial substitute for clay. As for
the RCA, it was noted that there is a lack of research aimed at analyzing the potential of
this residue as a mineralizer. For this, the raw materials were characterized physically,
chemically and mineralogically and, based on these results, the production of two types of
cement was proposed. First, the reference cement was produced, containing approximately
95% of limestone and 5% of clay, by mass, with clinkerization at a temperature of 1450
°C. Then, the second type of cement was produced, replacing FRG clay, in the contents of
25%, 50%, 75% and 100%, by mass, with clinkerization at a temperature of 1450 °C. In
the production of the third type of cement, the limestone and clay mixture was replaced by
RCA, at levels of 24%, 49%, 74% and 86%, by mass, with clinkerization at temperatures
of 1450 °C, 1400 °C, 1350 °C and 1300 °C. The cements produced were characterized by
physical-mechanical and expandability analysis, evaluation of hydration (calorimetry) and
phase formation (XRD and Thermogravimetry). For cements produced with GRF it was
observed that there was an increase in the alite content (C3S), when compared to the
reference cement, and for those with 50% and 100% GRF content in the clinker flour,
similar mechanical strengths were observed in the reference cement, although it does not
impact CO2 emission. For cements produced with ACW, it was found that those produced
at 1350°C and with 74% replacement of the clay-limestone mixture by ACW had
mechanical resistance similar to that observed in the reference cement (without the addition
of ACW), in addition to lower CO2 emission and energy consumption.

The landfills are engineering equipment for the disposal of solid urban waste (MSW) for environmental protection and public health, modernly regarded as bioreactors, where anaerobic digestion microbial activities play a crucial role in their behavior and biogas generation. with energy potential. In this work molecular techniques (metagenomics) were used to test the hypothesis that an eventual oxygen entry into the massif cells through the cover layer was interfering in the composition, diversity and microbial structure of the MSW disposed at the Metropolitan Sanitary Landfill Center (MSLC).in the Metropolitan Region of Salvador (MRS), in Bahia. The results of metagenomic analysis demonstrated that high throughput sequencing of 16S rDNA can provide a comprehensive overview of the structure and diversity of prokaryotic communities and the pattern of group distribution in the MSW decomposition environment. In the present case, taxonomic analyzes indicated that Phyla Firmicutes (41.3%), Chloroflexi (10.9%), Actinobacteria (9.6%), Proteobacteria (7.1%), Bacteroidetes (6.7%) and Euryarchaeota (16.8%) are the most abundant microbial taxa from MSW ever grounded in the areas surrounding the MSLC DG 266 high suction gas drain, with Firmicutes being the most prevalent. The microbial groups found in the landfill fit well with the classic pathways of anaerobic digestion processes. Most of the microbial genera identified were anaerobic and superior to the aerobic genera. Despite the predominance of anaerobic genera, the use of the Hellinger distance PCA statistical technique showed the difference between samples with different distances / depths (p = 0.0001 and p = 0.0025, respectively), with distance being the most important variable in the study. The most abundant genera of microorganisms found were Methanobacterium, Methanosarcina, Methanofollis, Desulfosporosinus, Anaerolinea and Clostridium, all anaerobic. The results corroborate the hypothesis of oxygen inflow into the MSLC already grounded MSW massif by the cover layer, which changes the decomposition environment and leads to a drop in methane production. The variable with the highest correlation coefficient was distance, followed by Eh and depth. Correlation and PCA analyzes showed that the microbial diversity in the landfill was affected by the distance and depth of grounding.

Oil is an important source of energy in the world. The petroleum exploration, refining, and transport are subject to environmental accidents that contaminate water, soil and constitute a risk to the health of man and other living beings. In this scenario, the improvement of the bioremediation techniques is fundamental for optimization of the decontamination of these environments. The present work aimed to select bacterial strains that degrade hydrocarbons and to develop a polymeric matrix for cellular encapsulation and bioremediation application. Degradation potential of 13 strains isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of animals of the Polychaeta class originated from the beaches of Todos os Santos Bay, with a history of hydrocarbon contamination, was evaluated. The selected strains were grouped in the consortium and tested, in the NPK presence, for the removal of n-alkanes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and hopanes. The encapsulating polymer matrix was developed using 2% dental alginate and 0.5% and 1% corn starch and was evaluated for potential immobilization and bioremediation application. The results demonstrate that the bacteria of the consortium Acinetobacter sp., Bacillus sp., Enterobacter sp. and Pantoea sp. are effective in the metabolization of hydrocarbons, including when NPK has been added. The matrix developed is resistant to lyophilization, is porous and is stable for 120 days at 4 ° C in distilled water and glycerol. The matrix also demonstrated good cellular immobilization ability and maintained favorable conditions for bacterial growth, increasing basal respiration, bacterial biomass and removal of n-alkanes and PAHs from the sediment. High molecular weight n-alkanes obtained higher rates of degradation by immobilized cells. Of the 16 PAHs analyzed, only benzo (a) anthracene and anthracene were not degraded. Since naphthalene and dibenzo (a) anthracene reached degradation rates of 60% and 80%, respectively. The survey of patents on immobilization and bioremediation use has shown that this technique is an important field yet to be explored in the development of technological inventions. Therefore, the tested consortium and the developed polymer matrix are promising for use in bioremediation of environments contaminated by hydrocarbons.