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PATRÍCIA SOUZA DA MOTA
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Comparative analysis of the chondrocranium and hyobranchial skeleton of bromeliad arboreal frog larvae of the genusPhyllodytes Wagler, 1830 (Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae)
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Advisor : LUIZ NORBERTO WEBER
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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LUIZ NORBERTO WEBER
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PRISCILA CAMELIER DE ASSIS CARDOSO
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DENISE DE CERQUEIRA ROSSA-FERES
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Data: Mar 11, 2019
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Show Abstract
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The genus Phyllodytes Wagler, 1830 is composed of fourteen species, eight of which have the external morphology of their tadpoles described in the literature, and only P. gyrinaethes has its chondrocranium and hyobranchial skeleton described. The lack of studies in literature on Phyllodytes, especially with respect to the internal morphology, mainly motivates this work. In order to shed light on taxonomy and phylogenetic issues, this study demonstrates the characteristics that might aid in the taxonomy of larvae with emphasis on the chondrocranium and the hyobranchial skeleton. The species described and compared in this work are: P. acuminatus, P. brevirostris, P. edelmoi, P. gyrinaethes, P. luteolus, P. maculosus, P. melanomystax, P. praeceptor, P. punctatus, P. wuchereri and a new species of the Phyllodytes genus. Our findings suggest the morphology of the chondrocranium and the hyobranchial skeleton in Phyllodytes is generally conserved in many aspects with respect to the subfamily, such as: (i) cornua trabeculae short; (ii) articulation of the cornua trabeculae with the suprarostral cartilage exactly at the point of connection between the pars alaris and the pars corporis; (iii) robust Meckel's cartilage and sigmoid "S" format; (iv) palatoquadrate long and parallel to the braincase; (v) quadrangular otic capsule superimposed on the processus ascendens; (v) ceratobranchialia IV fused to planum hypobranchiales and (vi) truncated processus urobranchialis. Furthermore, the characters of the chondrocranium and hyobranchial skeleton shared between the Phyllodytes and the subfamily Lophyohylinae are: (i) short cornua trabeculae; (ii) suprarostral cartilage with pars corporis and pars alaris forming a flat and wide structure; (iii) presence of the processus oticus; (iv) quadrangular otic capsule superimposed on the processus ascendens; (v) ceratobranchialia IV fused to planum hypobranchiales and (vi) truncated processus urobranchialis. In contrast, the dissimilar characteristics among the species are: (i) suprarostral cartilage format; (ii) pars corporis shape; (iii) cornua trabeculae format; width of planum ethmoidale; (iv) processus lateralis trabeculae undeveloped or absent; (v) palatoquadrate format; (vi) fenestra subocularis shape; (vii) presence or absence of processus anterolateralis of the otic capsule; (viii) presence or absence of the processus posterolateral of the otic capsule; (ix) presence or absence of processus oticus; (x) quadrangular otic capsule superimposed on processus ascendens; (xi) planum hypobranchiales format and (xii) presence or absence of the copula I. Hence, Phyllodytes intraspecific is a key issue to be considered in future studies. Since larvae's morphological characters play a key role in understanding the phylogeny and the specie delimitation with respect to Phyllodytes, we suggest as a conclusion that similar studies be extrapolated to other species from the Lophyohylinae subfamily.
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ALICE CARVALHO ASSMAR
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“Systematic of Climacia McLachlan, 1869 (Neuroptera: Sisyridae)”
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Advisor : ADOLFO RICARDO CALOR
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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ADOLFO RICARDO CALOR
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FREDDY RUBEN BRAVO QUIJANO
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RENATO JOSE PIRES MACHADO
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Data: Mar 15, 2019
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Show Abstract
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Climacia McLachlan is a new world genus, and with few more than 20 described species, the genus is the second richest genus of Sisyridae. The taxonomical knowledge of this group is controversial, with non-standardized terminologies of genitalia and wings venation, additionally nothing was known about the phylogenetic relationship of its species. Thus, Climacia was reviewed in a phylogenetic context. Description and illustrations are provided to 22 previously described species, one new species is described, C. payaya sp. nov., C. desordenata Monserrat is re-validated and the neotype of C. californica Chandler is designated. In addition, the phylogenetic analysis recovered the monophyly of Climacia, and a relationship hypothesis is proposed. An identification key for all species is presented.
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HUGO ANDRADE
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Polychromatic variation in populations of Xenodon merrremii(Wagler in Spix, 1824) (Squamata: Dipsadidae) in Brazil
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Advisor : EDUARDO JOSE DOS REIS DIAS
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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EDUARDO JOSE DOS REIS DIAS
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REJANE MARIA LIRA DA SILVA
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BRENO HAMDAN
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Data: Mar 28, 2019
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Show Abstract
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The color polymorphism is an important issue that promote speciation and Evolution species, due its efficiency to be correlated with other traits like morphology, physiology, anatomy or behavior. In ectothermic, the coloration can influence thermorregulatory process, improving environment exploration, geographic distribution and habitat use efficiency. Despite of that, there aren’t studies about ecological influences in polychromatic snakes to Neotropical region. For this reason, the present work analyzed the polychromatic variation in Xenodon merremii along of the Brazil. Our hypothesis is environment gradient must influence the polychromatism in this species. To that, we described the morphotypes found in Brazil, verified if the polychromatism is related with altitudinal, climatic and phytophisionomic conditions, analyzed if the morphotypes exhibited spatial autocorrelation and we tested if different morphotypes exhibited differences in shape of the body. We utilized the geographic position to quantify the number of individuals in each phytophisionomy and altitude and analyzed if they differed through Kruskal-Wallis test, the climatic niche was analyzed through of PCA-env and the spatial autocorrelation was tested realizing the Moran’I correlogram. To test if there were differences between polychromatic patterns and morphometric parameters, we realized the PERMANOVA test. It was described ten morphotypes of Xenodon merremii along of the Brazil and our analyses didn’t find any relation between altitudes, phytophisionomies and morphotypes, which influenced to negative spatial autocorrelation found it. However, the climatic niche showed partial segregation between them, being the variables most important were BIO11, BIO01, BIO09 (first axis), BIO17, BIO19 and BiO14 (second axis). The morphotypes most black showed some difference morphometrics when compared the other ones, being length and width head the variables most important, respectively. Our results suggest that the morphotypes of Xenodon merremii must undergo other types of selection (visually oriented predators, for example), which must explain the different frequencies in variables studied. The habitat heterogeneity in Brazil must promote the high overlap between morphotypes of this species what contribute to presence of gene flow along of populations. Moreover, this can have influenced in morphometric variables, due broader availability of prey and, possibly, distinct physiological process between them. Despite of these results, we can see the black patterns trying out areas less hot that other ones, through a balance between altitude and phytophisionomy. Therefore, different selection forces under the morphotypes of Xenodon merremii can explain the success this species in to utilize broader distribution and more studies testing predation and cryptic ability between morphotypes must clarify better these questions.
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GABRIEL CIDREIRA ARAÚJO
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Taxonomy of free-living marine nematodes from Armação Beach (Salvador, Bahia, Brazil), with the description of a new species of the genus Pseudosteineria (Nematoda: Xyalidae).
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Advisor : FRANCISCO KELMO OLIVEIRA DOS SANTOS
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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FRANCISCO KELMO OLIVEIRA DOS SANTOS
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ANGELA MARIA ZANATA
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MARIA CRISTINA DA SILVA
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Data: Mar 28, 2019
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Show Abstract
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Nematodes are the most abundant metazoans living in benthic habitats, and four of every five multicellular organisms on the earth are nematodes. They occur in all environments, with representatives in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, ranging from polar to tropical regions. In marine sediments nematodes are the most abundant animals, from the coastline to the deepest ocean trenches. Most part of marine nematodes are considered to be members of meiofauna, small animals that are separated from macrofauna through the use of sieves and possess practically all the phyla represented by it. Nematodes are mostly cylindrical worms, with length between 0.5 and 3 mm and great morphological diversity. This study aimed the taxonomic study of marine nematodes from Armação beach, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, in a point and eleven different dates, with the record of the nematode genera and the description of a new species of the genus Pseudosteineria (Nematoda: Xyalidae ). Sediment samples were collected in the intertidal zone of the beach in 11 different dates between August 2007 and January 2008, in the same station. Samples were taken using cores of 30 cm length and 3.5 cm diameter, divided into three strata, 0-10, 10-20, and 20-30 cm and subsequently fixed in 10% formalin-seawater. The samples were washed by manual elutriation and then sieved over two mesh sizes, 500 and 45 μm, to separate macrofauna from meiofauna respectively. The meiofauna was counted and some nematodes were sorted out after. The nematodes were diaphanized using glycerol-ethanol solutions and mounted permanently on glass slides. A total of 59.855 animals were counted and 11 groups were found: Ostracoda, Copepoda, Nematoda, Nauplius, Oligochaeta, Foraminifera, Turbellaria, Isopoda, Polychaeta, Acari and Mollusca, in relative abundance order. In relation to nematodes, 16.251 were counted and 2.641 were mounted on slides and studied. A total of 20 morphotypes were found, classified in 18 genera, 12 families and 6 orders, with Perepsilonema, Onchonlaimellus and Pseusteirneria being the most abundant genera. Four new records were found for Bahia, Cynura, Ascolaimus, Chromadora and Oncholaimellus. The composition of the nematofauna was different among the dates, and the date with the greatest diversity was 24/09/2007. A new species of the genus Pseudosteineria was described. An updated list of species, an emended diagnosis of the genus, an updated version of the dichotomous identification key, and a pictorial key are given.
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REBECA SILVA SANTOS
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Taxonomy of Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata) in coral reefs from Bahia coast, Brazil
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Advisor : FRANCISCO KELMO OLIVEIRA DOS SANTOS
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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FRANCISCO KELMO OLIVEIRA DOS SANTOS
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WALTER RAMOS PINTO CERQUEIRA
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ANNE ISABELLEY GONDIM
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Data: Apr 29, 2019
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Show Abstract
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The reef environments, common in coastal areas, have been undergoing from anthropic impacts, and it is necessary to know them to preserve. In the state of Bahia, coral reefs extend discontinuously for 1.000km, where research and management projects are developed. But, many studies are still needed in order to protect these environments from existing impacts. In this scenario, the faunistic taxonomic inventories arise by assisting in the knowledge of the community and subsidizing projects of conservation and maintenance of the reef environments. Ophiuroidea is one of the most well-known and abundant group of benthic reef fauna. In the state of Bahia, about 50 species of brittle stars are recorded, from Praia do Forte to the region of Abrolhos, representing little more than 2% of the known species of the world. In order to record the Ophiuroidea fauna of reef environments along the coast of Bahia, collections were made in nine reef areas, during 2013–2018. The specimens of brittle stars were manually collected in phytal, sponges and cnidarians, during low tide (> 0.5m). From this material, 709 specimens were analyzed and identified in six families and 18 species. The presence of a small population of the non-indigenous genus Ophiothela was recorded in the entrance of Todos os Santos Bay, and its impact on the sampled reef is still not well known. Common species of reef environments were collected in dense populations (e.g. Amphipholis januarii, A. squamata, O. savignyi and O. ophiactoides). In addition, we recorded the occurrence of juveniles and species with signs of recent disc regeneration, demonstrating the importance of reef environments in the protection, reproduction and development of brittle stars. Therefore, we emphasize the need of preservation of reefs and their fauna of Ophiuroidea, mainly in environments still little known, as the deep reef areas.
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JAMILE SANTANA BRASIL
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Taxonomy of calcareous sponges (Porifera: Calcarea: Calcaronea) of coast of Pernambuco, Brazil.
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Advisor : FERNANDA FERNANDES CAVALCANTI
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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EMILIO DE LANNA NETO
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FERNANDA FERNANDES CAVALCANTI
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MARIA CLAUDIA RAYOL SOLA
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Data: Aug 30, 2019
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Show Abstract
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The sponges belong to the Phylum Porifera and are characterized by being invertebrate animals with marine predominance, which have a benthic filtering habit and are important bioindicators of environmental quality. The Demospongiae Class is the most representative, followed by the Calcarea Class with 780 species described to the world. For Brazil, this number is of 66 described species distributed in the Brazilian coast and 21 species described for the coast of Pernambuco. The last works performed for the coast of Pernambuco occurred in the 70's and since then, new studies have not been done in the region. In the present work, the collections were done in points not yet studied as the north and south coast of Pernambuco. Among individuals collected, there are new records and two new species: Leucandra serrata, Sycon bellum, Sycon barbadense, Grantia kempfi, Leucilla sacculata, Leucilla macaroensis cf., Leucilla sp nov. 1, Leucilla sp nov. 2 and Paraleucilla sp nov. After this study, our results filled the gap in the coast of Pernambuco regarding the diversity of calcareous sponges, in addition to contributing to increase the number of species known for Pernambuco.
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AMANDA CAVALCANTE SILVA
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Caddisflies from a “brejo de altitude” from Pernambuco state, Brazil, overcoming the Wallacean and Linnean shortfalls
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Advisor : ADOLFO RICARDO CALOR
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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ADOLFO RICARDO CALOR
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FREDDY RUBEN BRAVO QUIJANO
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SÉRGIO RICARDO ANDENA
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Data: Oct 25, 2019
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Show Abstract
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In this work we present a faunistic inventary on caddisflies of Brejo de Altitude of Triunfo, rainforest enclave located within the Caatinga domain, Sertão do Baixo Pajeú, Pernambuco state. The specimens were collected by manual collection (larvae and pupae), light UV/White, light pan traps, Pennsylvania traps, Malaise traps, and entomologic nets. Were collected 4.395 specimens, distributed in 6 families, 9 genera, and 11 species. Among these, Cyrnellus kozepes Oláh, 2016, constitute new records for Brazil. New records for the Northeast region: Metrichia peluda Santos, Takiya & Nessimian, 2016, Neotrichia feolai Santos & Nessimian, 2009, and Oxyethira tica Holzenthal & Harris, 1992 and for Pernambuco state: Chimarra sp. nov. (in description for Rio Grande do Norte state) e Cyrnellus fraternus (Banks, 1905). Moreover, is described and illustrated Helicopsyche (Feropsyche) triunfensis sp. nov. and their immature stages, associated using the metamorphotype method. The presente work increases 1 species of Trichoptera to Brazil, the Northeast region now has 140 species, and Pernambuco from 30 to 37.
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Larissa Laiane dos Santos Queiroz
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Trichoptera from Parque Municipal Mucugê (Chapada Diamantina): new records and new species;
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Advisor : ADOLFO RICARDO CALOR
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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ADOLFO RICARDO CALOR
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FREDDY RUBEN BRAVO QUIJANO
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SÉRGIO RICARDO ANDENA
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Data: Oct 25, 2019
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Show Abstract
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Trichoptera Kirby comprises the order of strictly aquatic insects with the largest number of species, since so far about 15.000 species have been described, but it is estimated that there may be about 50.000 species. The order has representatives on all continents except Antarctica. In the Neotropical Region, 3.262 species were described, of which 738 occur in Brazil, representing 16 families and 70 genera. When it comes to the Brazilian regions, the northeast has received little attention from taxonomists, which eventually reflected on the knowledge of the Trichopterofauna in this region. In this context, studies of faunal survey and description of new species in the Northeast Region are important. The study area is the Parque Municipal de Mucugê, located in Chapada Diamantina. The PMM shelter the source of three streams (Bandeira, Boiadeiro and Morro Fervido), in addition to the Cumbuca and Mucugê rivers on its banks, all part of the Paraguaçu basin. Thus, it is also an area of relevance for the preservation of the region's water resources. Six points were established within the PMM (Bandeira Stream, Boiadeiro Stream, Morro Fervido Stream, Tiburtino Waterfall, Cumbuca River and Piabinha River) and five points in the vicinity of the PMM. 5637 specimens were collected using light attraction traps (UV light pan trap, light sheet and Pensilvânia), flight intercept trap (malaise) and puçá. The specimens were diaphanized using potassium hydroxide (KOH) or lactic acid for identification and the new species were illustrated with the microscope equipped with a drawing tube and vectorized in Adobe® Ilustrator® CS5. With respect to identified species eight from them constitute new records for Bahia (Cernotina antonina, C. bibrachiata, C. filiformes, C. flexuosa, Helicopsyche (Feropsyche) monda, Marilia aiuruoca, Phylloicus major and Triplectides neotropicus) and six already have records from Bahia, but are new records for the Chapada Diamantina region (Phylloicus paprockii, Atopsyche (Atopsaura) kamakan, Oecetis froehlich, Oecetis furcata, Triplectides gracilis and Chimarra (Chimarra) anticheira). In addition, eight new registrations for the Caatinga biome (Phylloicus major, Helicopsyche (Feropsyche) monda, Triplectides neotropicus, Marilia aiuruoca, Cernotina antonina, C. bibrachiatta, C. filiformes and C. flexuosa). This work, the number of records for the Northeast region becomes 141 species and Bahia from 72 to 80 species registered. This shows that the Northeast Region has a considerable variety and that the numbers have not reflected the diversity of order in the region. Therefore, taxonomic studies are of great importance for the knowledge about the species occurring in the region, as well as the distribution.
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RAÍSSA DE OLIVEIRA PEREIRA
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Taxonomic inventory of nematodes from Itapuã beach, Bahia, Brazil and the redescription of the species ONCHOLAIMUS CAVATUS GERLACH, 1956 (NEMATODA: ONCHOLAIMIDAE)
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Advisor : FACELUCIA BARROS CORTES SOUZA
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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FACELUCIA BARROS CORTES SOUZA
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WAGNER FERREIRA MAGALHAES
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FRANCISCO JOSÉ VICTOR DE CASTRO
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Data: Oct 25, 2019
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Show Abstract
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The phylum Nematoda is one of the major groups of meiofauna, which can occur either parasitizing other beings or living freely in sediments of aquatic environments. These animals have great ecological importance in nutrient cycling, trophic chain structure, and are excellent bioindicators of environmental quality. This study describes a new species of the genus Oncholaimellus and presents a preliminary taxonomic inventory of marine nematodes in Itapuã beach, Salvador city, Bahia State, Brazil. The study was conducted at two points of Itapuã beach, at four tidal stages. The samples were packaged, fixed, and processed at the UFBA Geoecology Laboratory of Marine Sediment. The material was washed, separated through 500- and 45-µm sieves, and stored in containers with 5% neutral formalin. The nematofauna was counted, separated, diaphanized, and mounted on slides. A total of 17 morphotypes were identified and recorded, covering 6 orders, 11 families, and 16 genera, out of which Enoplolaimus, Haliplectus, and Cynura were the most abundant. Four new records were found for Bahia: Bolbolaimus, Longicyatholaimus, Chromadorina, and Thalassironus. A new species of Oncholaimellus is described. An updated dichotomous key, a pictorial key, and a preliminary taxonomic inventory of genera were prepared for the studied beach
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LEON GUSTAVO DE MIRANDA TAVARES
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Systematics of Ameromyia Banks, 1913 (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae)
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Advisor : ADOLFO RICARDO CALOR
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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ADOLFO RICARDO CALOR
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CALEB CALIFRE MARTINS
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FREDDY RUBEN BRAVO QUIJANO
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Data: Nov 28, 2019
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Show Abstract
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Neuroptera is a cosmopolitan order of holometabolous insects, which current diversity is but a relictual shadow of its diversity on Mesozoic. With about 6000 extant described species, they are predatorial insects which occupy a great variety of ecological niches. Myrmeleontidae, with about 2100 described extant species, is currently the most diverse family in the order. Popular known as “antlions”, these insects have a great tolerance to arid and semi-arid environments, and in the adult phase they possess a long abdomen and slender wings with many crossveins. At larval stages, they are known to live buried in particulate substrates, and some species are famous for building a conical pit trap in the sand. Brachynemurini, with 117 species in 28 genera, is a exclusively American tribe of Myrmeleontidae, whose species are characterized most importantly by the male genitalia, which have the parameres folded and fused in a complex way. Ameromyia, with 12 valid species, is a South American genus of Brachynemurini, diagnosed by having large tarsal claws, frons with setae and clavate setae on male genitalia. Since the creation of this genus in 1913, very few studies have been made focused on Ameromyia. The described species illustrations lack many diagnostic details, the given descriptions overlap in many species, and the first and only description of the male genitalia is conflicting and confusing. Furthermore, the objective of this work was to realize a taxonomic revision of Ameromyia, and to propose a phylogenetic hypothesis for the genus. Specimen collecting was done using entomological nets, light trays with white and UV lights, sheets and Malaise traps. Specimens were also collected in larval stage for subsequent rearing and obtention and association with adults. Specimen were preserved in alcohol 80% and pinned. Genitalia was removed and diaphanized in KOH 10%, analyzed in stereomicroscope and illustrated. Illustrations were vectorized in Adobe ® Illustrator ® CC2017. MEV scannings were taken of larvae and male genitalia. The analyzed specimens were analyzed from 12 national and international institutions, through visit, loans, or photographs. Twenty type specimens of Ameromyia were analyzed, with also additional 607 specimens of the 12 valid species found. Of these specimens, 172 are deposited in the Museu de Zoologia of Universidade Federal da Bahia, 135 specimens in other national collections and 309 specimens in international collections. Chapter 1 contains the manuscript in paper formatting with the revision and phylogenetic hypothesis of Ameromyia. Two new species are described, three species are synonymized and the genus Venezueleon is hereby synonymized under Ameromyia, totalizing 12 valid species to the genus. The genitalia of the genus is described, and all species have its distribution expanded. Ameromyia was recovered as monophyletic, with only one of the three previous synapomorphies supporting Ameromyia sensu novo, with the total of 8 synapomorphies of the new diagnosis. Two large groups were found inside Ameromyia clade, which agrees with previous classification hypothesis of the genus
Neuroptera é uma ordem cosmopolita de insetos holometábolos, cuja diversidade atual é uma sombra relictual da sua diversidade do mesozóico. Com cerca de 6000 espécies viventes descritas, são animais predadores que ocupam uma ampla diversidade de nichos. Myrmeleontidae, com cerca de 2100 espécies descritas, é atualmente a família mais diversa dentro da ordem. Conhecidos como “formigas-leão”, estes insetos possuem uma alta tolerância a ambientes áridos e semi-áridos, e quando adultos são insetos de abdomen comprido e longas asas com muitas veias transversais. Quando na fase larval, as larvas são conhecidas por viverem enterradas em substrado particulado, e algumas espécies são famosas por construírem armadilhas em forma de funil na areia. Brachynemurini, com 117 espécies em 28 gêneros, é uma tribo exclusivamente americana de Myrmeleontidae, cujos integrantes são caracterizados principalmente pela genitália dos machos, cujos parâmeros são dobrados e/ou fundidos de maneira complexa. Ameromyia, com 12 espécies válidas descritas, é um gênero sulamericano de Brachynemurini, que possui como diagnose a presença de grandes garras tarsais, cerdas na fronte e cerdas clavadas na genitalia masculina. Desde a criação do gênero em 1913 até a presente data, poucos trabalhos foram realizados com foco em Ameromyia. As espécies descritas possuem ilustrações com detalhes insuficientes, as descrições apontam uma grande sobreposição de características, e a primeira e única descrição para a genitália do gênero é conflituosa e confusa. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma revisão taxonomica de Ameromyia, além de propor uma hipótese filogenética para o gênero. Para isso, foram realizadas coletas através de rede entomólogica, bandejas com luz UV e branca, além de lençol luminoso e Malaise. Espécimes também foram coletados na fase larval para criação e subsequente obtenção dos adultos. Os espécimes foram preservados em álcool 80% e a seco com naftalina. As genitálias foram removidas, diafanizadas, estudadas em microscópio estereoscópico e ilustradas em câmara clara. Estas ilustrações foram digitalizadas e vetorizadas em Adobe ® Illustrator ® CC2017 para confecção das pranchas. MEV foi realizado para larvas e genitália do macho Os espécimes estudados foram analisados em 12 instituições nacionais e internacionais por meio de visita, empréstimo ou fotografias. Foram estudados 20 espécimes tipo de Ameromyia, e 607 espécimes das 12 espécies válidas encontradas, sendo 172 espécimes depositados no Museu de Zoologia da Universidade Federal da Bahia, 135 espécimes em outras coleções nacionais, e 309 em coleções internacionais. O capítulo 1 consta com o manuscrito em forma de artigo com a revisão taxonômica e a proposta filogenetica de classificação do gênero Ameromyia. Duas novas espécies são descritas, 3 espécies são sinonimizadas, e o gênero Venezueleon é aqui sinonimizado sob Ameromyia, totalizando 12 espécies válidas para o gênero. A genitália do gênero é descrita, e são feitas ampliações da distribuição de todas as espécies. Ameromyia foi encontrado como um gênero monofilético, com apenas uma das três sinapomorfias anteriormente utilizadas para sua diagnose recuperadas como de suporte para Ameromyia sensu novo, totalizando 8 sinapomorfias para a nova diagnose. São encontrados dois grandes clados dentro do gênero, o que corrobora hipóteses anteriores para a classificação interna de Ameromyia.
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MARCELLE FELÍCIA SILVA BADARÓ
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TAXONOMY OF GALLY CRABS (DECAPODA: BRAQUYURA: CRYPTOCHIRIDAE) ASSOCIATED WITH SCLERACTINIA (CNIDARY: ANTHOZOA) IN THE STATE OF BAHIA
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Advisor : ELIZABETH GERARDO NEVES
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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ELIZABETH GERARDO NEVES
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WAGNER FERREIRA MAGALHAES
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SERGIO SCHWARZ DA ROCHA
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Data: Nov 29, 2019
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Show Abstract
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Symbiotic relationships are present at the most diverse biological levels, involving interspecific associations, whether mutualistic, commensal or parasitic. Coral reefs are environments of remarkable productivity, responsible for sheltering, breeding and nourishing a range of organisms that, in many scenarios, live in symbiosis with their hosts. Amidst the invertebrates, decapod crustaceans stand out as one of the most diverse and numerous groups associated with corals, of the Scleractinia order, with which, at least five families of brachyuran crabs are obligatory symbiosis.
The family Cryptochiridae, stands out for its morphological peculiarities and lifestyle. At the final stage of larval development, thses crabs settle on the colonies inducing changes in coral growth, giving rise to their dwellings, called galls, pits cavities or tunnels.
Currently, from the 21 known genera, only five, namely Troglocarcinus, Opecarcinus, Cecidocarcinus, Detocarcinus, and Kroppcarcinus have been recorded for the Atlantic Ocean. Among which, only four species Troglocarcinus corallicola, T. hirsutus, Opecarcinus hypostegus, and Kroppcarcinus siderastreicola have been registered for Brazil. Therefore, the present study describes a new species of Opecarcinus to Southwestern Atlantic Ocean, with a taxonomic identification key for the Atlantic Cryptochiridae. Additionally, a nomenclatural review of the housing categories built by the gall crabs was included in the scope of this work.
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SILVIA BRITTO BARRETO
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Phylogeography, hybrid zone and speciation in lineages of Nematocharax (Characiformes: Characidae)
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Advisor : HENRIQUE BATALHA FILHO
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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ANDRÉA TONOLLI THOMAZ
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HENRIQUE BATALHA FILHO
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MARCELO FELGUEIRAS NAPOLI
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PRISCILA CAMELIER DE ASSIS CARDOSO
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SERGIO MAIA QUEIROZ LIMA
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Data: Aug 29, 2019
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Show Abstract
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The Neotropical region harbors the richest freshwater ichthyofauna of the world, with taxonomical issues that generate conflicts in the definition of boundaries between species and complex biogeographic histories that are still poorly understood. In this region, fish of the genus Nematocharax represent an interesting model for studies on speciation and hybridization, due to genetic and morphological divergences described for the group. Therefore, this thesis investigated evolutionary processes in this group, as well as their relationship with the geological evolution of hydrographic basins of the Northeast Atlantic Forest freshwater ecoregion, which stands out for its extensive topographic variation and high endemism of fish. In chapter 1, it was evidenced that the high divergence of a lineage from the Upper Contas river in genetic and morphological characters allows to recognize it as a new species of Nematocharax, restricted to the Chapada Diamantina region. In this work, its diagnosis and description are then given, and its conservation status is evaluated. In chapter 2, we investigated how the diversification history of Nematocharax occurred in a spatio-temporal context based on the geographical distribution and genetic structure of its lineages. As results, we found that, different from what occurs in Southern Brazil, the continental shelf of the Northeast is considerably narrower, and the paleodrainages do not explain the phylogeographic pattern found, so that drainage rearrangement events in the interior of the continent probably played a more significant role in the diversification of fish in this area during the Pleistocene. Finally, in chapter 3, we investigated the hybridization process in the contact area between divergent mitochondrial lineages of Nematocharax in drainages from the Lower Contas river, and we showed how genetic and morphological characters vary along the transect of this hybrid zone, with the identification of genomic regions with abrupt clines and, therefore, probably under selection. In addition, the results suggest an old history of hybridization, with predominance of pure individuals and F2 offspring, in a scenario of low dispersal of parental genotypes to the center of the cline and of hybrids out of the center of the cline. The data of this thesis allowed to understand the evolutionary history of Nematocharax and to test hypotheses of diversification of its lineages, being possible to correlate distribution patterns and geological events, such as river captures and formation of paleodrainages, that provided connection and vicariance between basins. In addition, it was possible to elucidate the dynamics of a hybrid zone and to understand the evolutionary mechanisms responsible for its origin and maintenance.
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2
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RAFAEL BURGER
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Taxonomy and evolutionary history of the genus Astyanax Baird & Girard in Paraguaçu river basin: description of new species and delimitation of lineages based on an integrative approach
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Advisor : ANGELA MARIA ZANATA
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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ALESSANDRA SELBACH SCHNADELBACH
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LUIZ FERNANDO DUBOC DA SILVA
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PAULO ROBERTO ANTUNES DE MELLO AFFONSO
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PRISCILA CAMELIER DE ASSIS CARDOSO
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VITOR PIMENTA ABRAHÃO
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Data: Aug 30, 2019
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Show Abstract
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Correct species delimitation is fundamental to biodiversity knowledge. The genus Astyanax has a complex taxonomy and most of its species don’t have a good taxonomic or geographical delimitation and are often identified only to genus level. Moreover, currently the genus is not considered as a monophyletic group. According to the literature, more than 10 species of Astyanax are known to the rio Paraguaçu basin, Bahia, Brazil, being a surprisingly high number, considering the size of this basin. However, these species were identified only at genus level. This PhD thesis deals with that issue and is divided into three chapters. In chapters one and two, respectively two and one new species of Astyanax are described, with sufficient morphological characteristics for their diagnosis from all congeners, increasing the number of described species of Astyanax to six in the rio Paraguaçu, all endemic to the basin and with restricted distribution to the Chapada Diamantina region. In the third chapter, a study was carried out with an integrative approach (morphological and molecular data), aiming to delimit the independent evolutionary lineages of the genus Astyanax in the rio Paraguaçu basin. In this chapter, besides listing the lineages and their distributions, we investigate the processes that led to the diversification of the group and the possible causes of incongruences found between the results obtained from the different data. An integrative approach, with morphological and molecular data, was carried to delimit the Astyanax lineages of the rio Paraguaçu basin, discuss their relationships and discuss their distribution patterns. Molecular analyzes were based on COI, a mitochondrial molecular marker, and four species delimitation methods were implemented. All six species of Astyanax previously known for the Paraguaçu basin were recovered and 12 additional lineages of the genus were evidenced. Strong genetic structure was found, allowing the recognition of two very divergent main clades, composed of genetically structured lineages. Incongruences between molecular and morphological data suggest the occurrence of different processes, including recent speciation events, incomplete lineage sorting, possible mitochondrial DNA introgression and recurrence of morphological convergences. The intricate hydrographic network of the upper rio Paraguaçu, in the Chapada Diamantina region, associated with river capture events should be strongly related to the high number of lineages and distribution of Astyanax species in the rio Paraguaçu basin. Sixteen of the 18 lineages are considered endemic, reinforcing the high endemism of the ichthyofauna in this basin.
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3
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JESSIKA ALVES OLIVEIRA PEREIRA
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Taxonomic Review and Phylogeny of Family Maeridae Krapp-Schickel, 2008 (Amphipoda: Senticaudata), with emphasis on Quadrimaera Krapp-Schickel & Ruffo, 2000
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Advisor : RODRIGO JOHNSSON TAVARES DA SILVA
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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FELIPE BEZERRA RIBEIRO
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LUIS ERNESTO ARRUDA BEZERRA
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RICCARDO MUGNAI
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RODRIGO JOHNSSON TAVARES DA SILVA
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WAGNER FERREIRA MAGALHAES
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Data: Oct 16, 2019
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Show Abstract
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The Family Maeridae comprises 49 genera, with approximately 530 species, being commonly found in tropical shallow waters, showing a high biodiversity along the Brazilian coast. Within Maeridae, the genus Quadrimaera is one of the most representative, with 38 described species typicaly from coral and sandy reefs and intertidal zone. Despite showing a high diversity, both Maeridae and Quadrimaera have never been analysed through a cladistic phylogeny and the relationship between their terminal taxa is poorly known. With this, the present work aimed at proposing a phylogeny for Family Maeridae and for Quadrimaera. For this, specimens were analysed and two data matrices were developed, one for each group. For Maeridae, a matrix with 50 terminal taxa and 145 characters was constructed. Four taxa from Superfamily Hadzioidea were chosen as external groups. For ingroup, 46 genera of Maeridae were included. For Quadrimaera, the data matrix was based in 39 terminal taxa and 78 morphological characters. During the specimens analysis, a new family and new genus of Maeridae were discovered and described. An unique most parcimonious topology was obtained to Maeridae (1309, CI= 37, RI= 19) and three genera previously placed in this family were allocated to different families. Based on this results, the Family Beaudettidae was reestablished. An unique most parcimonious topology for Quadrimaera was also obtained (693, CI = 78, RI = 28) and the genus was corroborated as a monophyletic group based in eight synapomorphies. The species Quadrimaera ascensonis was allocated outside the genus, showing eight synapomorphies and a new genus was described. Taxonomic keys for Quadrimaera, Maeridae and Hadzioidea are provided
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LETÍCIA AGUILAR DA SILVA MACIEL
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Use of biomarkers suggestive of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in endemic fish Gambusia yucatana from Yucatan peninsule: early indicators of environmental exposure
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Advisor : ANDRE LUIS DA CRUZ
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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ANDRE LUIS DA CRUZ
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CARLOS EDUARDO COPATTI
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JULIANA DELATIM SIMONATO
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MARISA NARCISO FERNANDES
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RICARDO DAVID COUTO
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Data: Oct 30, 2019
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Show Abstract
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Thousands of xenobiotics are introduced daily into aquatic ecosystems. Nevertheless, even after decades of research and monitoring of chemical contamination, knowledge about the effects on aquatic organisms and ecosystems is still limited. In this sense, the use and development of markers of biological effects (biomarkers) that act as early warning signs of adverse environmental changes in aquatic ecosystems have been increasing.
Bioassays using biomarkers contribute to the understanding of how xenobiotics affect organisms, help in the deduction of their mechanisms of action, as well as in the categorization and general evaluation of effects. Fish are the most diverse class of vertebrates and their use in ecotoxicological studies allows us to extrapolate the results to an ecological level, and it is still possible to link the results to human health. In this sense, this work aimed to evaluate, through bioassays with biochemical and molecular biomarkers, the effect of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) oil on the Gambusia yucatana in 72 and 96 h regimes.
This thesis is divided into two chapters where Chapter 1 analyzes the results of a series of biomarkers of biotransformation and oxidative stress in the liver, and neurotoxicity in the brain of Gambusia yucatana exposed to different concentrations of PAHs (4.37, 17.46, 34.95 µg. L-1) on a 96h regime,, where biological measurements investigated include biomarkers of chemical contamination already validated in other species. We evaluated the activities of detoxification enzymes related to phase I biotransformation, such as etoxyresorufin-O-desethylase (EROD), and phase II activity, such as glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity. We evaluated the activity of antioxidant defense system enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and thiobarbituric acid (TBARS) activity as an indirect measure of lipid peroxidation. Our results demonstrated that some PAHs, eg. benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), pyrene, fluoranthene, acenaphthene and anthracene) could be bioaccumulated and metabolized to G. yucatana mainly at a concentration of 34.95 µg. L-1 where the mentioned PAHs were present in water under the measured concentrations of 5.24, 3.14, 4.19, 0.03 and 2.79 µg. L-1, respectively. The enzymes SOD and GPx, responsible for antioxidant defense were induced, indicating a possible mechanism of oxidative stress. Our results also showed that the acute effect of PAHs on AChE activity was very significant in all treatments. We believe that AChE activity may be a suitable exposure biomarker for PAHs. However, we do not know the mechanism of action. But as our results are intriguing, and for us there is no doubt that PAHs affect AChE activity, we recommend that studies be conducted to understand the mechanism of action by which PAHs affect AChE activity.
Chapter 2 analyzes the biomarker results of biotransformation and endocrine disruption (ED) in the liver of G. yucatana exposed to different concentrations of PAHs (3.89, 9.27, 19.51 µg. L-1) on a 72 h regime, through the expression of specific genes related to these processes. The biological measures used were the expression of estrogenic response genes, vitellogenin (VTG I and II), estrogen receptors (ERα and β) and CYP3A. We also use the gene encoding the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), which participates in the process of producing the enzymes of the CYP1A subfamily of CYP450 monoxigenase, the main biotransformation system of PAHs in phase I of the biotransformation. The β-actin gene expression was used as a reference for the quantification of gene responses. Our results demonstrate the effects of PAHs as xenoestrogenic compounds and EDs on G. yucatana reproduction. Reproductive changes, such as increases in hepatic expression of VTG, ER and CYP3A were found in male fish, mainly at concentrations of 9.27, 19.51 µg. L-1. The same pattern was found in AhR liver expression, demonstrating an increase in the metabolism of G. yucatana xenobiotics. B[a]P was the PAH that presented the highest concentration in water, so we believe it was one of the main responsible for the effects presented in G. yucaytana. However, as the effect of PAHs may be enhanced in the presence of other PAHs, we believe that the combined effects of a mixture of PAHs should continue to be addressed in order to understand what the actual effects they have on the environment.
We believe that due to oil exploration in the Gulf of Mexico, G. yucatana is at risk of oil spill accidents and is constantly under the chronic action of PAHs dissolved in water, as the Gulf of Mexico is continuously at levels PAHs above environmental levels. Our results are significant, and we believe that the use of the environmental contamination biomarkers evaluated is a tool that can be used for the development of PAH environmental pollution monitoring programs in the Gulf of Mexico, as a decline in a endemic fish populations, such as G. yucatana, require urgent action.
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VIVIAN VASCONCELLOS SOARES
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The evolution of reproduction in sponge and their rule in ecology of these animals
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Advisor : EMILIO DE LANNA NETO
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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EMILIO DE LANNA NETO
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ANA CAROLINA SOUSA DE ALMEIDA
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FERNANDA FERNANDES CAVALCANTI
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JANAINA LIMA DE OLIVEIRA
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MICHELLE REGINA LEMOS KLAUTAU
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Data: Oct 31, 2019
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Show Abstract
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Sponges are simple animals; they have no tissue or organs. The body plan of sponges are directly related to the aquiferous system, where the main physiological activities are performed. As sponges do not have gonads, some somatic cells change to give rise to sperm and oocytes. The ultrastructural morphology of sperm and oocytes is influenced not only by the phylogenetic position of the species, but also by the physiological conditions and functional demands during gamete dispersion and subsequent fertilization processes. However, in sponges, both the physiological conditions and phylogenetic relationships of various sperm and oocyte morphologies remain poorly understood. Fertilization results in an embryo that develops into a larval form. Depending on cleavage patterns, morphogenesis and larval morphology, embryonic development in Porifera can be classified into eight characteristic types of different evolutionary lineages. The parenchymella larvae is considered the most complex since its organization and its cell types may vary within genus. However, cell types and their functions in the development process are not yet well understood. Another aspect that should be studied in Porifera is asexual reproduction, which is an important strategy for sponges, as it can compensate for the fact that gametes are released into the water column. The reproductive period (asexual and sexual) of sponges has no clear pattern. Knowing reproductive strategies and dynamics is important for understanding population dynamics, biogeography and species continuity, as the ecological dynamics of many marine species are affected by their life histories. Thus, this thesis aims to investigate the ultrastructure of reproductive elements and reproductive dynamics in different Porifera strains in order to understand their evolutionary and ecological implications. As specific objectives, we will: (1) compare the spermatogenesis of Tedania ignis, Iphon piceus and Iophon proximum Poecilosclerida order; (2) compare the ovogenesis of Cinachyrella apion and Tethya maza; (3) compare cell types and structure of parenchymal larvae Amphimedon queenslandica and Tedania ignis; (4) understand the influence of environmental factors in the intertidal region on the asexual and sexual reproduction of Cinachyrella apion and Tethya maza
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Victor Ângelo de Andrade Gomes
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Systematics of Atopsyche Banks, 1905 (Trichoptera, Hydrobiosidae)
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Advisor : ADOLFO RICARDO CALOR
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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RODOLFO MARIANO
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ADOLFO RICARDO CALOR
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FREDDY RUBEN BRAVO QUIJANO
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LEANDRO LOURENÇO DUMAS
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PATRIK BARCELOS E SILVA
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Data: Dec 13, 2019
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Show Abstract
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Trichoptera Kirby, 1813 is the most diverse order of exclusively aquatic insects with 17,031 species described, within 739 genera, and 61 families. These organisms occur in freshwater environments and constitute the sister-group of Lepidoptera Linnaeus, 1758, forming the suborder Amphiesmenoptera Kiriakoff, 1948. The family Hydrobiosidade Ulmer, 1905 was erected by Ulmer as a subfamily in Rhyacophilidae Stephens, 1836 in 1905 and is actually composed by 56 genera and 436 described species. Atopsyche is the most diverse genus of the family with 142 described species and a Neotropical distribution, occurring from the southwestern United States to Uruguay. The genus is composed by the subgenera Atopsyche (Atopsyche), Atopsyche (Atopsaura) Ross, 1953 e Atopsyche (Dolochorema) Banks, 1913, and the two first genera have five species groups: A. (Atopsyche) tripunctata Banks, 1905, A. (Atopsyche) bolivari Banks, 1924i, A. (Atopsaura) batesi Banks, 1938, A. (Atopsaura) longipennis Ulmer, 1905, A. (Atopsaura) falina Ross & King, 1952. Ross & King (1952) revised the genus when it had only 22 species and proposed a relationship hypothesis among these species, and this proposition was criticized by Schmid (1989) in a second review of the genus. In this way, the aim of the present study was to propose a taxonomical review of Atopsyche. For this, we collected the specimens with Pantrap UV/white lights, white light sheet and Malaise trap. The specimens were preserved in 70% alcohol and in dried with naphthalene. The genitalia were removed, diaphanized, studied in stereoscope microscope, and illustrated in a camara lucida. These illustrations were scanned and vectored in Adobe® Illustrator® CS6. Scanning Electron Microscope was made on Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz). The specimens studied were analyzed in 14 national and international institutions through a visit or loan. In total, 735 specimens of 119 species were studied, of which 152 specimens were deposited at the Museu de Zoologia of the Universidade Federal da Bahia, allocated on the Aquatic Entomology Laboratory (LEAq). The other 583 individuals came from visits and loans from 13 other institutions. The Chapter 1 includes the description of A. (Atopsyche) bravoi Gomes & Calor, 2019, A. (Atopsaura) beckeri Gomes & Calor, 2019 and A. (Atopsaura) japi Gomes & Calor, 2019, redescription of A. (Atopsaura) usingeri Denning, 1968, illustrated morphological variations and a new record of A. (Atopsaura) antisuya Schmid, 1989 for Bahia State, moreover a new record for Pernambuco State and a morphological variation of A. (Atopsaura) diamantina Gomes & Calor, 2016. Chapter 2 is composed by the taxonomical review of Atopsyche, which consisting of the synonymy list of 142 species on genus, taxonomical and geographical upgrades, and taxonomical remarks. Additionally, this chapter also be composed by the description of A. (Atopsaura) n. sp. 1 and the redescription of A. (Atopsaura) plancki, with the distribution map of both species.
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